线程池

线程池的基本使用

package com.shothook.test;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Slf4j
public class ThreadPoolDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 1000, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,  new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10));
        LocalDateTime start = LocalDateTime.now();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            threadPool.submit(new Task(i));
        }
        LocalDateTime end = LocalDateTime.now();
        Duration duration = Duration.between(start,end);
        log.debug("submit task complete, takes time: {}", duration.getNano());
    }

    @AllArgsConstructor
    @Slf4j
    public static class Task implements Runnable {
        private int i;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.debug("thread name: {}, to execute task: {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), i);
        }
    }
}

线程池的工作模式,简单来说如下所示:

线程池

主线程往缓冲队列中添加任务,线程池从队列中取任务并执行,当然,真实情况比这复杂的多,这个后面再详细分析,先有个概念就好。

创建线程池的各个参数的意义

线程池的构造函数:线程池

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
                null :
                AccessController.getContext();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

corePoolSize:核心线程数
maximumPoolSize:最大线程数,当往缓冲队列中增加任务,缓冲队列满时,会在corePoolSize的基础上继续新建线程,知道触发最大线程数
keepAliveTime:超过核心线程数的线程的存活时间,对超过存活时间的,线程池结束超时的空闲线程
unit:超过核心线程数的线程的存活时间对应的时间单位
workQueue:线程池的任务缓存队列
threadFactory:创建线程的工厂
handler:当到最大线程数,并且缓存队列满时,继续添加任务时的处理策略

线程池的状态

    private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
    private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
    private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;

    private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;
    private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;

    private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; }//获取线程池的状态
    private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; }//获取线程池的线程数
    private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }//参数rs表示runState,参数wc表示workerCount,即根据runState和workerCount打包合并成ctl

ctl : 高三位保存线程池状态,低29位保存任务数。

线程池的创建

/**
 * Executes the given task sometime in the future.  The task
 * may execute in a new thread or in an existing pooled thread.
 * 在未来的某个时刻执行给定的任务。这个任务用一个新线程执行,或者用一个线程池中已经存在的线程执行
 *
 * If the task cannot be submitted for execution, either because this
 * executor has been shutdown or because its capacity has been reached,
 * the task is handled by the current {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}.
 * 如果任务无法被提交执行,要么是因为这个Executor已经被shutdown关闭,要么是已经达到其容量上限,任务会被当前的RejectedExecutionHandler处理
 *
 * @param command the task to execute
 * @throws RejectedExecutionException at discretion of
 *         {@code RejectedExecutionHandler}, if the task
 *         cannot be accepted for execution                 RejectedExecutionException是一个RuntimeException
 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code command} is null
 */
public void execute(Runnable command) {
    if (command == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
     
    /*
     * Proceed in 3 steps:
     *
     * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
     * start a new thread with the given command as its first
     * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
     * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
     * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
     * 如果运行的线程少于corePoolSize,尝试开启一个新线程去运行command,command作为这个线程的第一个任务
     *
     * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
     * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
     * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
     * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
     * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
     * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
     * 如果任务成功放入队列,我们仍需要一个双重校验去确认是否应该新建一个线程(因为可能存在有些线程在我们上次检查后死了) 或者 从我们进入这个方法后,pool被关闭了
     * 所以我们需要再次检查state,如果线程池停止了需要回滚入队列,如果池中没有线程了,新开启 一个线程
     * 
     * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
     * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
     * and so reject the task.
     * 如果无法将任务入队列(可能队列满了),需要新开区一个线程(自己:往maxPoolSize发展)
     * 如果失败了,说明线程池shutdown 或者 饱和了,所以我们拒绝任务
     */
    int c = ctl.get();
     
    /**
     * 1、如果当前线程数少于corePoolSize(可能是由于addWorker()操作已经包含对线程池状态的判断,如此处没加,而入workQueue前加了)
     */
    if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
        //addWorker()成功,返回
        if (addWorker(command, true))
            return;
         
        /**
         * 没有成功addWorker(),再次获取c(凡是需要再次用ctl做判断时,都会再次调用ctl.get())
         * 失败的原因可能是:
         * 1、线程池已经shutdown,shutdown的线程池不再接收新任务
         * 2、workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize 判断后,由于并发,别的线程先创建了worker线程,导致workerCount>=corePoolSize
         */
        c = ctl.get();
    }
     
    /**
     * 2、如果线程池RUNNING状态,且入队列成功
     */
    if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
        int recheck = ctl.get();//再次校验位
         
        /**
         * 再次校验放入workerQueue中的任务是否能被执行
         * 1、如果线程池不是运行状态了,应该拒绝添加新任务,从workQueue中删除任务
         * 2、如果线程池是运行状态,或者从workQueue中删除任务失败(刚好有一个线程执行完毕,并消耗了这个任务),确保还有线程执行任务(只要有一个就够了)
         */
        //如果再次校验过程中,线程池不是RUNNING状态,并且remove(command)--workQueue.remove()成功,拒绝当前command
        if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
            reject(command);
        //如果当前worker数量为0,通过addWorker(null, false)创建一个线程,其任务为null
        //为什么只检查运行的worker数量是不是0呢?? 为什么不和corePoolSize比较呢??
        //只保证有一个worker线程可以从queue中获取任务执行就行了??
        //因为只要还有活动的worker线程,就可以消费workerQueue中的任务
        else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
            addWorker(null, false);  //第一个参数为null,说明只为新建一个worker线程,没有指定firstTask
                                     //第二个参数为true代表占用corePoolSize,false占用maxPoolSize
    }
    /**
     * 3、如果线程池不是running状态 或者 无法入队列
     *   尝试开启新线程,扩容至maxPoolSize,如果addWork(command, false)失败了,拒绝当前command
     */
    else if (!addWorker(command, false))
        reject(command);
}

新建线程

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);//线程池状态

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            // 线程池为SHUTDOWN状态,当前创建新线程的任务为空,并且线程池的队列不为空
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

线程池

钩子

    protected void beforeExecute(Thread t, Runnable r) { }
    protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) { }

线程池的类图

线程池

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