一、系统启动后注入配置

package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

/**
 * @author: GrandKai
 * @create: 2016-09-01 11:24
 */
@Configuration
@PropertySource(ignoreResourceNotFound = true, value = {"classpath:/config/email.properties","classpath:/config/email.yml"}, name = "email")
public class Config {}

需要在ApplicationContext中注册配置

AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext context = (AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext) app.run("参数1");
context.register(Config.class);

用以下方式取值

Environment env = context.getEnvironment();
System.out.println(env.getProperty("address"));

email.yml文件配置如下：

server:  
  address: 127.0.0.1

---

二、在命令行传入注入到程序中（不是web环境以下摘选自*）

public class Main {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        //initialize the command line parsing stuff
        OptionParser parser = new OptionParser();
        parser.accepts("greeting").withRequiredArg();
        OptionSet options = parser.parse(args);

        //create the actual Spring PropertySource
        PropertySource<?> ps = new JOptCommandLinePropertySource(options);

        //setup the Spring context
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        ctx.getEnvironment().getPropertySources().addLast(ps); 
        //register the property source with the environment

        ctx.register(Greeter.class);
        ctx.refresh();
        Greeter greeter = ctx.getBean(Greeter.class);
        greeter.sayGreeting();
    }
}

@Component
class Greeter {
    @Inject private Environment env;


    //the following would also work
    //@Value("${greeting}")
    //private String greeting;        

    /**
     * Print out the 'greeting' property if it exists, and otherwise, "Welcome!".
     */
    public void sayGreeting() {
        System.out.println(env.getProperty("greeting", "Welcome!"));
    }
}




public static void main(String [] args) {
    SimpleCommandLinePropertySource ps = new SimpleCommandLinePropertySource(args);
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
    ctx.getEnvironment().getPropertySources().addFirst(ps);
    ctx.register(ApplicationConfig.class);
    ctx.refresh();
}


@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@ComponentScan("com.mycompany.package")
@PropertySource(
        value = {"classpath:/application.properties", "file:${config.location}"},
        ignoreResourceNotFound = true
    )
class ApplicationConfig {

    @Bean
    public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigurer() {
        return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
    }
}

@Component
class MyComponent {

    @Value("${my.property.data}")
    private String myPropertyData;


    @Scheduled(fixedDelayString = "${schedule.delay.period}")
    public void run() {
         :
    }
}

So, you can put below property on external file and give the file through command line option --config.location=/some/path/app.properties