个人笔记整理
广播接收者BroadcastReceiver
广播机制简介
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标准广播 (Normal broadcasts)是一种完全异步执行的广播,在广播发出之后,所有的广播接收器几乎都会在同一时刻接收到这条广播消息,因此它们之间没有任何先后顺序可言。这种广播的效率会比较高,但同时也意味着它是无法被截断的。
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有序广播 (Ordered broadcasts)则是一种同步执行的广播,在广播发出之后,同一时刻只会有一个广播接收器能够收到这条广播消息,当这个广播接收器中的逻辑执行完毕后,广播才会继续传递。所以此时的广播接收器是有先后顺序的,优先级高的广播接收器就可以先收到广播消息,并且前面的广播接收器还可以截断正在传递的广播,这样后面的广播接收器就无法收到广播消息了。
接收系统广播
动态注册监听网络变化
新建一个类,让它继承自BroadcastReceiver
,并重写父类的onReceive()
方法。当有广播到来时,onReceive()
方法就会得到执行
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 创建一个intent过滤器
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
// 添加想要接收的intent请求
intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
// 实例化 Receiver类
networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
// 动态注册广播接收者
registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
// 取消注册广播接收者
unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
}
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// 当收到广播时,弹窗提示网络状态改变
Toast.makeText(context, "network changes", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
或者当网络状态改变时,提示当前有网络还是无网络
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
...
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// 得到ConnectivityManager实例(一个系统服务类,专门用于管理网络连接)
ConnectivityManager connectionManager = (ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
// 得到NetworkInfo的实例
NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectionManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
// 通过调用NetworkInfo的isAvailable()方法,来判断出当前有无网络
if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()) {
Toast.makeText(context, "network is available",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(context, "network is unavailable",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}
同时,访问网络状态需要在AndroidManifest.xml
中声明权限
静态注册实现开机启动提醒
需要在AndroidManifest.xml
中注册receiver
<receiver
android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<!-- 开机事件广播 -->
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
同时需要添加相应监听开机的权限
之后便可以添加一个Receiver.java,并在onReceive()
中编写相应控制逻辑
public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
不要在onReceive()
方法中添加过多的逻辑或者进行任何的耗时操作,因为在广播接收器中是不允许开启线程的,当onReceive()
方法运行了较长时间而没有结束时,程序就会报错。
发送自定义广播
发送标准广播
定义一个自己的广播接收器
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_
SHORT).show();
}
}
<receiver
android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
接收一个值为com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST
的广播
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
// 同
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
intent.setPackage("com.example.broadcasttest");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
由于广播是使用Intent进行传递的,因此你还可以在Intent中携带一些数据传递给广播接收器。
发送有序广播
发送时
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new
Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
接收时,通过android.priority
属性来设置优先级
<receiver
android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter android:priority="100">
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
同时通过abortBroadcast()
方法来截断广播(之后的广播接收器无法收到)
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
abortBroadcast();
}
使用本地广播
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this); // 获取实例
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent); // 发送本地广播
}
});
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter); // 注
册本地广播监听器
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
}
class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received local broadcast", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).
show();
}
}
}
与动态注册广播接收器一样,不过现在是通过LocalBroadcastManager
的getInstance()
方法得到了它的一个实例,然后在注册广播接收器的时候调用的是LocalBroadcastManager
的registerReceiver()
方法,在发送广播的时候调用的是LocalBroadcastManager
的sendBroadcast()
方法
本地广播是无法通过静态注册的方式来接收
使用广播来实现强制下线功能
@TODO