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Maven 模块化开发

序号	文内章节	视频
1	概述	-
2	创建根项目（工程）	-
3	创建统一的依赖管理模块	-
4	创建通用的工具类模块	-
5	创建领域模型模块	-
6	创建管理后台模块	-
7	创建前端控制台模块	-
8	创建接口模块	-
9	清理、编译、打包	-
10	功能完善	-
11	实例源码	-

请参照如上章节导航进行阅读

1.概述

在多人协同开发时，特别是规模较大的项目，为了方便日后的代码维护和管理，我们会将每个开发人员的工作细分到具体的功能和模块上。
随着项目的不断扩大，模块也会越来越多，后续会更加难以维护和扩展，为了应对这种情况后期我们还会采用微服务架构的方式进行开发。

本章节以构建一个 IoT云平台 项目为例，我们可以将模块划分为如下形式：

• 统一的依赖管理（dependencies）
• 通用的工具类（commons）
• 领域模型（domain）
• 管理后台（admin）
• 前端控制台（console）
• 接口模块（api）

整个模块化开发过程主要是在开发思想上稍作了一些转变，只需要按照下面的流程操作即可。

2.创建根项目（工程）

创建一个名为 iot-cloud 的工程，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
    <artifactId>iot-cloud</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>

    </modules>
</project>

该项目称之为 Root 项目，主要作用是管理整个工程的全部模块，当有新模块加入时需要在 modules 元素下配置对应的模块目录

3.创建统一的依赖管理模块

创建一个名为 iot-cloud-dependencies 的项目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
        <artifactId>iot-cloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>iot-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>iot-cloud-dependencies</name>
    <description></description>

    <properties>
        <!-- 环境配置 -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

        <!-- 统一的依赖管理 -->
        <spring.version>5.2.3.RELEASE</spring.version>

        <javax.servlet-api.version>4.0.1</javax.servlet-api.version>
        <javax.jstl.version>1.2</javax.jstl.version>

        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>

        <commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Spring End -->

            <!-- Servlet Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>${javax.servlet-api.version}</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>${javax.jstl.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Servlet End -->

            <!-- Log Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Log End -->

            <!-- Commons Begin -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Commons End -->
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler 插件, 设定 JDK 版本 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.7.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                    <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <!-- 资源文件配置 -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

然后修改 iot-cloud 工程的 pom.xml 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
    <artifactId>iot-cloud</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>iot-cloud-dependencies</module>
    </modules>
</project>

4.创建通用的工具类模块

创建一个名为 iot-cloud-commons 的项目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
        <artifactId>iot-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../iot-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>iot-cloud-commons</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>iot-cloud-commons</name>
    <description></description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

然后在 iot-cloud 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>iot-cloud-commons</module> 配置

5.创建领域模型模块

创建一个名为 iot-cloud-domain 的项目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
        <artifactId>iot-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../iot-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>iot-cloud-domain</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>iot-cloud-domain</name>
    <description></description>

</project>

然后在 iot-cloud 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>iot-cloud-domain</module> 配置

6.创建管理后台模块

创建一个名为 iot-cloud-web-admin 的项目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
        <artifactId>iot-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../iot-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>iot-cloud-web-admin</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>iot-cloud-web-admin</name>
    <description></description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
            <artifactId>iot-cloud-domain</artifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

然后在 iot-cloud 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>iot-cloud-web-admin</module> 配置

7.创建前端控制台模块

创建一个名为 iot-cloud-web-console 的项目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
        <artifactId>iot-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../iot-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>iot-cloud-web-console</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>iot-cloud-web-console</name>
    <description></description>
</project>

然后在 iot-cloud 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>iot-cloud-web-console</module> 配置

8.创建接口模块模块

创建一个名为 iot-cloud-web-api 的项目，pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
        <artifactId>iot-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../iot-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>iot-cloud-web-api</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>iot-cloud-web-api</name>
    <description></description>
</project>

然后在 iot-cloud 工程的 pom.xml 中增加 <module>iot-cloud-web-api</module> 配置

9.清理、编译、打包

至此一个完整的模块化工程创建完毕，此时的 Root 工程 pom.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>net.work100.training.stage2</groupId>
    <artifactId>iot-cloud</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>iot-cloud-dependencies</module>
        <module>iot-cloud-commons</module>
        <module>iot-cloud-domain</module>
        <module>iot-cloud-web-admin</module>
        <module>iot-cloud-web-console</module>
        <module>iot-cloud-web-api</module>
    </modules>
</project>

我们可以在 Root 工程中使用 Maven 提供的 mvn clean 命令测试一下效果，控制台输出如下：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO] 
[INFO] iot-cloud                                                          [pom]
[INFO] iot-cloud-dependencies                                             [pom]
[INFO] iot-cloud-commons                                                  [jar]
[INFO] iot-cloud-domain                                                   [jar]
[INFO] iot-cloud-web-admin                                                [war]
[INFO] iot-cloud-web-console                                              [war]
[INFO] iot-cloud-web-api                                                  [war]
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud >----------------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                                  [1/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud-dependencies >---------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud-dependencies 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                     [2/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud-dependencies ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -----------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud-commons >------------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud-commons 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                          [3/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud-commons ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud-domain >------------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud-domain 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                           [4/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud-domain ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] ----------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud-web-admin >-----------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud-web-admin 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                        [5/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud-web-admin ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud-web-console >----------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud-web-console 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                      [6/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud-web-console ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -----------< net.work100.training.stage2:iot-cloud-web-api >------------
[INFO] Building iot-cloud-web-api 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT                          [7/7]
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ iot-cloud-web-api ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary for iot-cloud 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:
[INFO] 
[INFO] iot-cloud .......................................... SUCCESS [  0.160 s]
[INFO] iot-cloud-dependencies ............................. SUCCESS [  0.002 s]
[INFO] iot-cloud-commons .................................. SUCCESS [  0.002 s]
[INFO] iot-cloud-domain ................................... SUCCESS [  0.002 s]
[INFO] iot-cloud-web-admin ................................ SUCCESS [  0.002 s]
[INFO] iot-cloud-web-console .............................. SUCCESS [  0.003 s]
[INFO] iot-cloud-web-api .................................. SUCCESS [  0.002 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.320 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-02-22T15:49:59+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

10.功能完善

请观看视频教程

11.实例源码

实例源码已经托管到如下地址：

• https://github.com/work100-net/training-stage2/tree/master/iot-cloud
• https://gitee.com/work100-net/training-stage2/tree/master/iot-cloud

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