linux磁盘分区和挂载
1.lsblk -f 查看系统分区和挂载情况
root@qsrobot:~# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS amd64
2019-02-27-09-57-36-00 /media/rob
sda
├─sda2
├─sda5 swap 8d41e7be-46cf-4de6-afab-fb5242d10d4f [SWAP]
└─sda1 ext4 95a7ce2a-6891-44f6-b0db-729319f8de8d /
2.通过虚拟机添加硬盘
root@qsrobot:~# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sdb
sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS amd64
2019-02-27-09-57-36-00 /media/rob
sda
├─sda2
├─sda5 swap 8d41e7be-46cf-4de6-afab-fb5242d10d4f [SWAP]
└─sda1 ext4 95a7ce2a-6891-44f6-b0db-729319f8de8d /
3.新增分区
fdisk /dev/sdb开始对/sdb分区
?? m 显示命令列表
?? p 显示磁盘分区 同 fdisk –l
?? n 新增分区
?? d 删除分区
?? w 写入并退出
fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4dbeae7b.
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Created a new partition 1 of type ‘Linux‘ and of size 20 GiB.
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)： w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@qsrobot:~# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sdb
└─sdb1
sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS amd64
2019-02-27-09-57-36-00 /media/rob
sda
├─sda2
├─sda5 swap 8d41e7be-46cf-4de6-afab-fb5242d10d4f [SWAP]
└─sda1 ext4 95a7ce2a-6891-44f6-b0db-729319f8de8d /
说明： 开始分区后输入n新增分区，然后选择p设置分区类型为主分区。1指的是主分区的第1块分区。两次回车默认剩余空间。最后输入w写入分区并退出，若不保存退出输入q。
lsblk -f，就会看到新增的分区sdb1
4.格式化磁盘
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1格式化分区sdb1，分区类型是ext4
lsblk -f，就会看到格式化后的分区sdb1
root@qsrobot:~# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 5242624 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 8b5b2376-41d1-4f54-a4bc-237699d5246f
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
root@qsrobot:~# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sdb
└─sdb1 ext4 8b5b2376-41d1-4f54-a4bc-237699d5246f
sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS amd64
2019-02-27-09-57-36-00 /media/rob
sda
├─sda2
├─sda5 swap 8d41e7be-46cf-4de6-afab-fb5242d10d4f [SWAP]
└─sda1 ext4 95a7ce2a-6891-44f6-b0db-729319f8de8d /
在文件中添加：
/dev/sdb1 /home /newdisk ext4 defaults 00将分区sdb1和目录 /home /newdisk挂载起来
特殊说明
/dev/sdb1：分区名称
ext3：分区的格式
defaults：挂载时所要设定的参数(只读，读写，启用quota等)
1：使用dump是否要记录，0是不要
2：开机时检查的顺序，boot系统文件为1，其他文件系统为2，如不要检查为0
mount -a 使挂载立即生效
umount /dev/sdb1或umount /home /newdisk卸载挂载