首先,Redis是什么?
Redis是一个开源的,基于内存的键值数据存储,用作数据库,缓存和消息代理。在实现方面,Key-Value存储代表NoSQL空间中最大和最老的成员之一。Redis支持数据结构,如字符串,散列,列表,集和带范围查询的有序集。
在spring data redis的框架,可以很容易地编写,通过提供一个抽象的数据存储使用Redis的键值存储的Spring应用程序。 非关系型数据库,基于内存,存取数据的速度不是关系型数据库所能比拟的 redis是键值对(key-value)的数据库
有5中主要数据类型:
- 字符串类型 string
- 散列类型 hash
- 列表类型 list
- 集合类型 set
- 有序集合类型 zset
redis缓存为啥速度快
这么说吧,别人问你什么是“redis”,如果你知道,你可以直接吧啦吧啦一大堆,其实这个时候你的大脑就类似redis缓存,别人问的“redis”就是key,你说出来的结果就是value,而你如果不知道,你就去上网查,然后再告诉别人,这就类似于查询数据库了,你查了再告诉别人当然慢了!
你把脑袋里的东西写进笔记就类似redis持久化保存了;
你过了两个月把这玩意忘了,就是redis的定期删除了;
引自:https://blog.csdn.net/angleflyyy/article/details/81627785
准备工作
项目工具环境:
- IDEA 2018.2
- Gradle 4+
- JDK1.8以上
- redis服务器
设置Redis服务器
redis下载地址:https://redis.io/download
如果你的电脑是Mac:
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brew install redis
然后运行redis服务器
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cuifuandeMacBook-Pro:~ cuifuan$ redis-server
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25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
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25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # Redis version=5.0.2, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=25336, just started
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25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
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25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.491 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 256).
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_._
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_.-``__ ''-._
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_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit
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.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
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( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode
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|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379
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| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 25336
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`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
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|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
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| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
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`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
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|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
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| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
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`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
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`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
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`-._ _.-'
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`-.__.-'
-
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25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.492 # Server initialized
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25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.492 * Ready to accept connections
初始化项目
始界面初始化一个项目
这里选择的是Gradle,选择完成点击Generate Projrct生成项目,这个时候会自动下载一个压缩包给你,解压过后导入,导入IDEA教程:http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=74e2d65e2d22cd684c3fdd6695b3ecdf
Gradle 依赖管理
让我们在build.gradle中为我们正在构建的示例应用程序声明必要的依赖项
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buildscript {
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repositories {
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maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
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}
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dependencies {
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classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:2.1.0.RELEASE")
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}
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}
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apply plugin: 'java-library'
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apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
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apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'
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group = 'com.example'
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version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
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sourceCompatibility = 1.8
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repositories {
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maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
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}
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dependencies {
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implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
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implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-redis'
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implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
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implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java'
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implementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok'
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implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:2.4.2'
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implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.51'
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testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
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}
开始使用
凭借着SpringBoot的开箱即用的特点,集成Redis也不例外
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redisTemplate.opsForValue();//操作字符串
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redisTemplate.opsForHash();//操作hash
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redisTemplate.opsForList();//操作list
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redisTemplate.opsForSet();//操作set
- redisTemplate.opsForZSet();//操作有序set
在Spring的测试类中开始使用:
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redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("username","test");
执行过后发现存在redis中的数据:
是乱的,是因为在set后redis会序列化key和value,所以我们要在config中重写一下redisTemplate
src/main/java/com/example/springbootredisdemo/config/RedisConfig.java
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package com.example.springbootredisdemo.config;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
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import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
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import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericToStringSerializer;
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import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;
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import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
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@Configuration
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public class RedisConfig {
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private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
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@Autowired
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public RedisConfig(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
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this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
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}
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@Bean
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@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
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public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate() {
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RedisSerializer<String> stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
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RedisSerializer<Object> jsonString = new GenericToStringSerializer<>(Object.class);
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redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
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redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jsonString);
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redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
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redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jsonString);
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return redisTemplate;
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}
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}
再去执行一下刚刚的方法
经过自定义的序列化之后可以了,没有乱码了
opsForList()添加操作
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@Test
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public void CsetListRedis(){
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List<String> trap = new ArrayList<>();
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trap.add("张三");
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trap.add("张无忌");
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trap.add("新垣结衣");
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//循环向userlist左添加值
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trap.forEach(value->redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("userlist",value));
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//向userlist右添加值
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redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush("userlist","rightValue");
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log.info("userlist->{}",redisTemplate.opsForList().range("userlist",0,10));
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}
opsForList()删除操作
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@Test
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public void DlistRedisRemove(){
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redisTemplate.opsForList().remove("userlist",0,"张无忌");
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}
通过源码看这里有三个参数:
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key 对应的是redis中存的key值
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count 正数就是从左边开始删除 负数是从右面 例如-1就从右删除第一个值为value的,0代表删除全部值为value的
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value 就是需要从list移除的值
opsForSet()添加操作
利用了set值的不可重复
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@Test
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public void CsetRedis(){
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List<String> trap = new ArrayList<>();
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trap.add("张三");
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trap.add("里斯");
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trap.add("里斯");
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trap.add("张无忌");
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trap.add("新垣结衣");
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System.out.print(trap.toString());
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//循环向userlist左添加值
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trap.forEach(value->redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("userSet",value));
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log.info("取出userSet->{}",redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("userSet"));
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}
结果
符合了Set集合的无序和不可重复性
opsForSet()的删除操作
这个删除操作就比较容易了,直接根据set的key值,后面参数写其需要删除的value就可以
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@Test
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public void EsetRedisRemove(){
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redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("userSet","张无忌");
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}
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opsForHash()操作
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//opsForHash()操作
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@Test
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public void FhashRedisAdd(){
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//添加
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","phone",10086);
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Shanghai");
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","del","mubaba");
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","dada","达达");
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//修改
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Beijing");
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//删除
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("user","del","dada");
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}
结果
测试类SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests
src/test/java/com/example/springbootredisdemo/SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests.java
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package com.example.springbootredisdemo;
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import com.example.springbootredisdemo.service.NovelService;
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
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import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
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import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
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import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
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import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
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//根据测试方法名字搞定执行顺序
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@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
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@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
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@SpringBootTest
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@Slf4j
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public class SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests {
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@Autowired
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private NovelService novelService;
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@Autowired
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private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate;
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private final static String KEY = "username";
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private final static String VALUE = "test";
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@Test
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public void AstringRedis(){
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redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(KEY,VALUE);
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log.info("string set存储:{}->{}",KEY,VALUE);
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redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(KEY);
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log.info("string 根据{}取出{}",KEY,VALUE);
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}
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@Test
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public void BlistRedis(){
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List<String> trap = new ArrayList<>();
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trap.add("张三");
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trap.add("张三");
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trap.add("张无忌");
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trap.add("新垣结衣");
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//循环向userlist左添加值
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trap.forEach(value->redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("userlist",value));
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// redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll("userlist",trap);
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//向userlist右添加值
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redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush("userlist","rightValue");
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//取出userlist的值
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log.info("userlist->{}",redisTemplate.opsForList().range("userlist",0,10));
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}
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@Test
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public void CsetRedis(){
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List<String> trap = new ArrayList<>();
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trap.add("张三");
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trap.add("里斯");
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trap.add("里斯");
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trap.add("张无忌");
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trap.add("新垣结衣");
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System.out.print(trap.toString());
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//循环向userlist左添加值
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trap.forEach(value->redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("userSet",value));
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log.info("取出userSet->{}",redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("userSet"));
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}
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@Test
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public void DlistRedisRemove(){
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redisTemplate.opsForList().remove("userlist",0,"张无忌");
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}
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-
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@Test
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public void EsetRedisRemove(){
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redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("userSet","张无忌");
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}
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//opsForHash()操作
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@Test
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public void FhashRedisAdd(){
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//添加
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","phone",10086);
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Shanghai");
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","del","mubaba");
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","dada","达达");
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//修改
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Beijing");
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//删除
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redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("user","del","dada");
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}
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}
小知识
方法名字前加ABCD...是为了让方法有执行顺序,根据测试方法名字搞定执行顺序,在方法上加注解 @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
日志注解@Slf4j是为了让日志书写更方便
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//之前写日志
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log.info("输出a"+index+"b");
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//现在
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log.info("输出a{}b",index);
多个参数可以用多个{},总之,喜欢哪个用哪个,谢谢!