astronaut是个复合词。naut来自希腊语的sailor. astro-: 星的、外太空的。A cosmonaut is an astronaut from the former Soviet Union. The cosmos is the universe.
A dozen of handpicked Chinese astronauts, or taikonauts as they are called, are set to explore new horizons in space in four manned flight missions within two years. In the first of these missions, three taikonauts aboard the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft have already successfully made it to space. taikon是太空的拼音。[来自CGTN] 这么多叫法是老外闲的：苏联女宇航员叫cosmonautess不成？我们用astronaut就行，再如下文:
Wang Yaping has become the first Chinese female astronaut to have worked in space for more than 100 days.
On June 11, 2013, Wang Yaping went to space on Shenzhou X spaceship with astronauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang and returned on June 26.
She went again on Oct 16, 2021, on Shenzhou XIII spaceship with astronauts Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu.
On Nov 7, she became China's first female spacewalker when she took part in the Shenzhou XIII [10 + 3] mission's first extravehicular [out of vehicle] activity with mission commander Major General [少校+将军=少将] Zhai Zhigang [翟志刚, 专业技术少将].
She also delivered lectures from space. [来自中国日报]
Astronomy (from Greek 'the science that studies the laws of the stars') is a natural science that studies celestial [天] objects and phenomena [现象]. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets [行星], moons [卫星], stars [恒星], nebulae [星云], galaxies [星系], and comets [彗星]. Relevant phenomena include supernova [超新星] explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars [类星], blazars, pulsars [脉冲星], and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates outside Earth's atmosphere. Cosmology is a branch of astronomy. It studies the Universe as a whole.
小写的galaxy是星系，the Galaxy是银河系。银河系也叫the Milky Way，词典里写得很清楚。
A blazar is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a relativistic jet (a jet composed of ionized matter traveling at nearly the speed of light) directed very nearly towards an observer. 机器翻译"blazar是一个活动星系核(AGN)，其相对论喷流(由以接近光速运动的电离物质组成的喷流)非常接近于一个观察者。" Relativistic jets are extremely powerful jets of plasma which emerge from the centers of some active galaxies, notably radio galaxies and quasars. 我觉得active应译为活跃。
Definition of relativistic
1. of, relating to, or characterized by relativity or relativism
2. moving at a velocity such that there is a significant change in properties (such as mass) in accordance with the theory of relativity a relativistic electron
blazar可能是blaze+star.
六级/考研单词: astronaut, cosmos, horizon, mission, aboard, astronomy, mathematics, physics, evolve, planet, galaxy, comet, explode, ray, burst, microwave, radiate, jet, compose, potent, velocity, accordance, electron, blaze