一、基本概念
X.509认证：国际证书格式标准，比较常用的一种认证方式，如日常使用的网银和支付宝等都在使用。SSL：是一种安全协议，目的是为网络通信提供安全及数据完整性保障，SSL在传输层中对网络通信进行加密。
二、X.509证书制作
可以使用JDK自带的keytool工具制作证书，命令参考一下说明，参数值可以修改。
服务器证书生成：
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keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -dname "cn=localhost,OU=java, O=spring, L=landon, ST=YY, C=CN" -alias server1 -keypass stevex -keystore d:\server1.jks -storepass stevex -validity 3650
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注：cn=localhost，这里localhost不能随便写，否则客户端认证时会出错。
客户端证书生成（双向认证才需要）：
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keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -dname "CN=stevex, OU=gookle, O=goo, L=landon, ST=RR, C=CN" -alias client1 -storetype PKCS12 -keypass stevex -keystore d:\client1.p12 -storepass stevex -validity 3650
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添加信任证书（双向认证才需要）：
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##1.导出客户端证书为cer文件keytool -export -alias client1 -file d:\client1.cer -keystore d:\client1.p12 -storepass stevex -storetype PKCS12 -rfc
##2.将导出的文件导入服务器证书keytool -import -v -alias client1 -file d:\client1.cer -keystore d:\server1.jks -storepass stevex
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客户端导入证书（双向认证才需要）：
双击client1.p12然后根据提示操作可以将证书导入到IE；对于Firefox, 可以通过Options-->Advanced-->Certificate-->View Certificate-->Import 导入证书。
三、单向SSL认证
1. Spring 配置：
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd">
<security:http auto-config='true' use-expressions="true">
<security:intercept-url pattern="/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')" requires-channel="https"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/list" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')" requires-channel="https" />
<security:intercept-url pattern="/**" requires-channel="https" />
</security:http>
<security:authentication-manager>
<security:authentication-provider>
<security:user-service id="userService">
<security:user authorities="ROLE_USER" name="stevex"
password="stevex" />
<security:user authorities="ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN"
name="admin" password="admin" />
</security:user-service>
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
</beans>
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注：每个intercept-url element的requires-channel="https"都需要设置
2. Tomcat配置(server.xml)：
在server.xml中增加一个Connector配置
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<Connector port="8443"
protocol="HTTP/1.1"
SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false"
sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreType="JKS" keystoreFile="D:/server.jks" keystorePass="stevex" />
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注：原来的HTTP 8080端口的Connector不能注释掉，否则无法启动服务器。这个Connector是新增而不是修改HTTP的，即同时配置两个Connector.
四、双向SSL认证
1. Spring配置：
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd">
<security:http auto-config='true' use-expressions="true">
<security:intercept-url pattern="/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')" requires-channel="https"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/list" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')" requires-channel="https" />
<security:intercept-url pattern="/**" requires-channel="https" />
<security:x509/>
</security:http>
<security:authentication-manager>
<security:authentication-provider>
<security:user-service id="userService">
<security:user authorities="ROLE_USER" name="stevex"
password="" />
<security:user authorities="ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN"
name="admin" password="" />
</security:user-service>
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
</beans>
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注： 增加<x509/>，密码也不需要了，Spring支持x509已经做得很到位了。
2. Tomcat配置：
在server.xml文件中增加一个Connector配置
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<Connector port="8443"
protocol="HTTP/1.1"
SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="true"
sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreType="JKS" keystoreFile="D:/server1.jks" keystorePass="stevex"
truststoreFile="D:/server1.jks" truststorePass="stevex"/>
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注：增加truststoreFile和truststorePass两个属性，同时clientAuth属性的值更改为true。
3. 运行结果：
附件：http://down.51cto.com/data/2364055
本文转自sarchitect 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/stevex/1358215，如需转载请自行联系原作者