需要依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
    <version>3.17</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
    <version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
    <version>3.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
    <version>3.17</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>fr.opensagres.xdocreport</groupId>
    <artifactId>org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.core</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.6</version>
</dependency>

代码：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    try {
           /* 一个文档包含多个段落，一个段落包含多个Runs，一个Runs包含多个Run，Run是文档的最小单元
            获取所有段落：List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = word.getParagraphs();
            获取一个段落中的所有Runs：List<XWPFRun> xwpfRuns = xwpfParagraph.getRuns();
            获取一个Runs中的一个Run：XWPFRun run = xwpfRuns.get(index);
            XWPFRun--代表具有相同属性的一段文本*/

        //获取文档的所有段落
        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\测试.docx")); //读取文件
        XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument(is);
        List<XWPFParagraph> xwpfParagraphs = doc.getParagraphs();
        //获取段落内容
        for (XWPFParagraph xwpfParagraph : xwpfParagraphs) {
            //当前段落的属性
            //CTPPr pr = para.getCTP().getPPr();
            // System.out.println(xwpfParagraph.getText()+"********************");
            List<XWPFRun> xwpfRuns = xwpfParagraph.getRuns();
            for(XWPFRun xwpfRun:xwpfRuns){
                //  System.out.println(xwpfRun+"--------------");
            }
        }

        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); //获取所有标题

        for (XWPFParagraph graph : xwpfParagraphs) {
            String text = graph.getParagraphText();
            System.out.println(text);
            if(text.contains("*")){
                //解析该段落里面的内容
                int j=0;
                for(int i=-1; i<=text.lastIndexOf("*");++i)
                {
                    //获取开始出现*号位置
                    i=text.indexOf("*",i);
                    //获取第二个出现*号位置
                    j=text.indexOf("*",i+1);
                    String substring = text.substring(i+1, j);
                    System.out.println("截取内容："+substring);
                    i=j; //做标记，从此处开始重新查找
                }

            }

            String style = graph.getStyle();
            if ("1".equals(style) || "2".equals(style) || "3".equals(style) || "4".equals(style) || "5".equals(style) || "6".equals(style) || "7".equals(style) || "8".equals(style) ) {
                //System.out.println(text+"--["+style+"]");
                list.add("["+style+"]、"+text);
            }
        }
        for(String string:list){
            System.out.println(string+"--------------");
        }
    }catch (Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

文档内容：

 

 效果图：