对于网页的采集有这样几种:
1.静态网页
2.动态网页（需进行js,ajax动态加载数据的网页）
3.需进行模拟登录后才能采集的网页
4.加密的网页
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3，4的解决方案和思路会在后续blog中陈述
现在只针对1，2的解决方案与思路：
一.静态网页
? ? ? 对于静态网页的采集解析方法很多很多！java,python都提供了很多的工具包或框架，例如java的httpclient,Htmlunit,Jsoup,HtmlParser等，Python的urllib,urllib2,BeautifulSoup,Scrapy等,不详述，网上资料很多的。
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二.动态网页
? ? ? 对于采集来说的动态网页是那些需要经过js,ajax动态加载来获取数据的网页，采集数据的方案分为两种：?
? ? ? 1.通过抓包工具分析js,ajax的请求，模拟该请求获取js加载后的数据。
? ? ? 2.调用浏览器的内核，获取加载后的网页源码，然后对源码经行解析
? ? ? 一个研究爬虫的人js是必须要会得东西，网上学习资料很多，不陈述，写该条只为文章的完整性
调用浏览器内核的工具包Java也有几个，但是不是今天所讲的重点，今天的重点是文章的标题Scrapy框架结合Spynner采集需进行js,ajax动态加载的网页并提取网页信息（以采集微信公众号文章列表为例）
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在使用Scrapy和Spynner之前需要安装环境，我初学python,在mac上折腾了好长时间，就在快要疯掉的时候成功了，同时也阵亡了好些个脑细胞，赢得如此惨烈啊！对着就总结出一条，使用的时候让装啥就装啥！
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Start......
1.创建个微信公众号文章列表采集项目（以下简称微采集）
scrapy startproject weixin
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2.在spider目录下创建一个采集spider文件
vim weixinlist.py
? ? 写入如下代码
from weixin.items import WeixinItem
import sys
sys.path.insert(0,‘..‘)
import scrapy
import time
from scrapy import Spider
class MySpider(Spider):
name = ‘weixinlist‘
allowed_domains = []
start_urls = [
‘http://weixin.sogou.com/gzh?openid=oIWsFt5QBSP8mn4Jx2WSGw_rCNzQ‘,
]
download_delay = 1
print(‘start init....‘)
def parse(self, response):
sel=scrapy.Selector(response)
print(‘hello,world!‘)
print(response)
print(sel)
list=sel.xpath(‘//div[@class="txt-box"]/h4‘)
items=[]
for single in list:
data=WeixinItem()
title=single.xpath(‘a/text()‘).extract()
link=single.xpath(‘a/@href‘).extract()
data[‘title‘]=title
data[‘link‘]=link
if len(title)>0:
print(title[0].encode(‘utf-8‘))
print(link)
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3.在items.py中加入WeixinItem类
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import scrapy
class WeixinItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
title=scrapy.Field()
link=scrapy.Field()
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4.在items.py的同级目录下创建一个下载中间件downloadwebkit.py,并向其中写入如下代码：
import spynner
import pyquery
import time
import BeautifulSoup
import sys
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
class WebkitDownloaderTest( object ):
def process_request( self, request, spider ):
# if spider.name in settings.WEBKIT_DOWNLOADER:
# if( type(request) is not FormRequest ):
browser = spynner.Browser()
browser.create_webview()
browser.set_html_parser(pyquery.PyQuery)
browser.load(request.url, 20)
try:
browser.wait_load(10)
except:
pass
string = browser.html
string=string.encode(‘utf-8‘)
renderedBody = str(string)
return HtmlResponse( request.url, body=renderedBody )
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? ?这段代码就是调用浏览器内核，获取网页加载后的源码
5.在setting.py文件中进行配置,声明下载使用下载中间件
? ? 在底部加上如下代码：
#which spider should use WEBKIT
WEBKIT_DOWNLOADER=[‘fenghuangblog‘]
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
‘weixin.downloadwebkit.WebkitDownloaderTest‘: 543,
}
import os
os.environ["DISPLAY"] = ":0"
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6.运行程序：
? ? 运行命令：
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scrapy crawl weixinlist
? ? 运行结果:?
kevinflynndeMacBook-Pro:spiders kevinflynn$ scrapy crawl weixinlist
start init....
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.1 started (bot: weixin)
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {‘NEWSPIDER_MODULE‘: ‘weixin.spiders‘, ‘SPIDER_MODULES‘: [‘weixin.spiders‘], ‘BOT_NAME‘: ‘weixin‘}
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [py.warnings] WARNING: :0: UserWarning: You do not have a working installation of the service_identity module: ‘No module named service_identity‘. Please install it from <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/service_identity> and make sure all of its dependencies are satisfied. Without the service_identity module and a recent enough pyOpenSSL to support it, Twisted can perform only rudimentary TLS client hostname verification. Many valid certificate/hostname mappings may be rejected.
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions: CloseSpider, TelnetConsole, LogStats, CoreStats, SpiderState
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: HttpAuthMiddleware, DownloadTimeoutMiddleware, UserAgentMiddleware, RetryMiddleware, WebkitDownloaderTest, DefaultHeadersMiddleware, MetaRefreshMiddleware, HttpCompressionMiddleware, RedirectMiddleware, CookiesMiddleware, ChunkedTransferMiddleware, DownloaderStats
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: HttpErrorMiddleware, OffsiteMiddleware, RefererMiddleware, UrlLengthMiddleware, DepthMiddleware
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2015-07-28 21:13:55 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
QFont::setPixelSize: Pixel size <= 0 (0)
2015-07-28 21:14:08 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://weixin.sogou.com/gzh?openid=oIWsFt5QBSP8mn4Jx2WSGw_rCNzQ> (referer: None)
hello,world!
<200 http://weixin.sogou.com/gzh?openid=oIWsFt5QBSP8mn4Jx2WSGw_rCNzQ>
<Selector xpath=None data=u‘<html><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compa‘>
互联网协议入门
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=210032701&idx=1&sn=6b1fc2bc5d4eb0f87513751e4ccf610c&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
自己动手写贝叶斯分类器给图书分类
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=210013947&idx=1&sn=1f36ba5794e22d0fb94a9900230e74ca&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
不当免费技术支持的10种方法
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209998175&idx=1&sn=216106034a3b4afea6e67f813ce1971f&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
以 Python 为实例,介绍贝叶斯理论
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209998175&idx=2&sn=2f3dee873d7350dfe9546ab4a9323c05&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
我从腾讯那“偷了”3000万QQ用户数据,出了份很有趣的...
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209980651&idx=1&sn=11fd40a2dee5132b0de8d4c79a97dac2&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
如何用 Spark 快速开发应用?
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209820653&idx=2&sn=23712b78d82fb412e960c6aa1e361dd3&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
一起来写个简单的解释器(1)
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209797651&idx=1&sn=15073e27080e6b637c8d24b6bb815417&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
那个直接在机器码中改 Bug 的家伙
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209762756&idx=1&sn=04ae1bc3a366d358f474ac3e9a85fb60&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
把一个库开源,你该做些什么
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209762756&idx=2&sn=0ac961ffd82ead6078a60f25fed3c2c4&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
程序员的困境
[u‘http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjEyNTA5Mw==&mid=209696436&idx=1&sn=8cb55b03c8b95586ba4498c64fa54513&3rd=MzA3MDU4NTYzMw==&scene=6#rd‘]
2015-07-28 21:14:08 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2015-07-28 21:14:08 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{‘downloader/response_bytes‘: 131181,
‘downloader/response_count‘: 1,
‘downloader/response_status_count/200‘: 1,
‘finish_reason‘: ‘finished‘,
‘finish_time‘: datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 28, 13, 14, 8, 958071),
‘log_count/DEBUG‘: 2,
‘log_count/INFO‘: 7,
‘log_count/WARNING‘: 1,
‘response_received_count‘: 1,
‘scheduler/dequeued‘: 1,
‘scheduler/dequeued/memory‘: 1,
‘scheduler/enqueued‘: 1,
‘scheduler/enqueued/memory‘: 1,
‘start_time‘: datetime.datetime(2015, 7, 28, 13, 13, 55, 688111)}
2015-07-28 21:14:08 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
QThread: Destroyed while thread is still running
kevinflynndeMacBook-Pro:spiders kevinflynn$
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