Boost的互斥量,条件变量做了很好的封装,因此比“原生的”POSIX mutex,condition variables好用。然后我们会通过分析boost相关源码看一下boost linux是如何对pthread_mutex_t和pthread_cond_t进行的封装。
首先看一下condition_variable_any的具体实现,代码路径:/boost/thread/pthread/condition_variable.hpp
- class condition_variable_any
- {
- pthread_mutex_t internal_mutex;
- pthread_cond_t cond;
- condition_variable_any(condition_variable_any&);
- condition_variable_any& operator=(condition_variable_any&);
- public:
- condition_variable_any()
- {
- int const res=pthread_mutex_init(&internal_mutex,NULL);
- if(res)
- {
- boost::throw_exception(thread_resource_error());
- }
- int const res2=pthread_cond_init(&cond,NULL);
- if(res2)
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_destroy(&internal_mutex));
- boost::throw_exception(thread_resource_error());
- }
- }
- ~condition_variable_any()
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_destroy(&internal_mutex));
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_cond_destroy(&cond));
- }
condition_variable_any的构造函数是对于内部使用的mutex和cond的初始化,对应的,析构函数则是这些资源的回收。
BOOST_VERIFY的实现:
- #undef BOOST_VERIFY
- #if defined(BOOST_DISABLE_ASSERTS) || ( !defined(BOOST_ENABLE_ASSERT_HANDLER) && defined(NDEBUG) )
- // 在任何情况下,expr一定会被求值。
- #define BOOST_VERIFY(expr) ((void)(expr))
- #else
- #define BOOST_VERIFY(expr) BOOST_ASSERT(expr)
- #endif
因此不同于assert在Release版的被优化掉不同,我们可以放心的使用BOOST_VERITY,因此它的表达式肯定会被求值,而不用担心assert的side
effect。
接下来看一下condition_variable_any的核心实现:wait
- template<typename lock_type>
- void wait(lock_type& m)
- {
- int res=0;
- {
- thread_cv_detail::lock_on_exit<lock_type> guard;
- detail::interruption_checker check_for_interruption(&internal_mutex,&cond);
- guard.activate(m);
- res=pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&internal_mutex);
- this_thread::interruption_point();
- }
- if(res)
- {
- boost::throw_exception(condition_error());
- }
- }
首先看一下lock_on_exit:
- namespace thread_cv_detail
- {
- template<typename MutexType>
- struct lock_on_exit
- {
- MutexType* m;
- lock_on_exit():
- m(0)
- {}
- void activate(MutexType& m_)
- {
- m_.unlock();
- m=&m_;
- }
- ~lock_on_exit()
- {
- if(m)
- {
- m->lock();
- }
- }
- };
- }
代码很简单,实现了在调用activate时将传入的lock解锁,在该变量生命期结束时将guard的lock加锁。
接下来的detail::interruption_checker check_for_interruption(&internal_mutex,&cond);是什么意思呢?From /boost/thread/pthread/thread_data.hpp
- class interruption_checker
- {
- thread_data_base* const thread_info;
- pthread_mutex_t* m;
- bool set;
- void check_for_interruption()
- {
- if(thread_info->interrupt_requested)
- {
- thread_info->interrupt_requested=false;
- throw thread_interrupted();
- }
- }
- void operator=(interruption_checker&);
- public:
- explicit interruption_checker(pthread_mutex_t* cond_mutex,pthread_cond_t* cond):
- thread_info(detail::get_current_thread_data()),m(cond_mutex),
- set(thread_info && thread_info->interrupt_enabled)
- {
- if(set)
- {
- lock_guard<mutex> guard(thread_info->data_mutex);
- check_for_interruption();
- thread_info->cond_mutex=cond_mutex;
- thread_info->current_cond=cond;
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_lock(m));
- }
- else
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_lock(m));
- }
- }
- ~interruption_checker()
- {
- if(set)
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_unlock(m));
- lock_guard<mutex> guard(thread_info->data_mutex);
- thread_info->cond_mutex=NULL;
- thread_info->current_cond=NULL;
- }
- else
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_unlock(m));
- }
- }
代码面前,毫无隐藏。那句话就是此时如果有interrupt,那么就interrupt吧。否则,lock传入的mutex,也是为了res=pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&internal_mutex);做准备。
关于线程的中断点,可以移步《【Boost】boost库中thread多线程详解5——谈谈线程中断》。
对于boost::mutex,大家可以使用同样的方法去解读boost的实现,相对于condition variable,mutex的实现更加直观。代码路径:/boost/thread/pthread/mutex.hpp。
气味
- namespace boost
- {
- class mutex
- {
- private:
- mutex(mutex const&);
- mutex& operator=(mutex const&);
- pthread_mutex_t m;
- public:
- mutex()
- {
- int const res=pthread_mutex_init(&m,NULL);
- if(res)
- {
- boost::throw_exception(thread_resource_error());
- }
- }
- ~mutex()
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_destroy(&m));
- }
- void lock()
- {
- int const res=pthread_mutex_lock(&m);
- if(res)
- {
- boost::throw_exception(lock_error(res));
- }
- }
- void unlock()
- {
- BOOST_VERIFY(!pthread_mutex_unlock(&m));
- }
- bool try_lock()
- {
- int const res=pthread_mutex_trylock(&m);
- if(res && (res!=EBUSY))
- {
- boost::throw_exception(lock_error(res));
- }
- return !res;
- }
- typedef pthread_mutex_t* native_handle_type;
- native_handle_type native_handle()
- {
- return &m;
- }
- typedef unique_lock<mutex> scoped_lock;
- typedef detail::try_lock_wrapper<mutex> scoped_try_lock;
- };
- }
boost对于pthread_mutex_t和pthread_cond_t的封装,方便了开发者的使用的资源的安全有效管理。当然,在不同的公司,可能也都有类似的封装,学习boost的源码,无疑可以加深我们的理解。在某些特定的场合,我们也可以学习boost的封装方法,简化我们的日常开发。
最后,奉上简单的生产者、消费者的boost的实现,和前文《并发编程实战: POSIX 使用互斥量和条件变量实现生产者/消费者问题》相比,我们可以看到boost简化了mutex和condition variable的使用。以下代码引自《Boost程序库完全开发指南》:
- #include <boost/thread.hpp>
- #include <stack>
- using std::stack;
- using std::cout;
- class buffer
- {
- private:
- boost::mutex mu; // 条件变量需要配合互斥量
- boost::condition_variable_any cond_put; // 生产者写入
- boost::condition_variable_any cond_get; // 消费者读走
- stack<int> stk;
- int un_read;
- int capacity;
- bool is_full()
- {
- return un_read == capacity;
- }
- bool is_empty()
- {
- return 0 == un_read;
- }
- public:
- buffer(size_t capacity) : un_read(0), capacity(capacity)
- {}
- void put(int x)
- {
- boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(mu); // 这里是读锁的门闩类
- while (is_full())
- {
- cout << "full waiting..." << endl;
- cond_put.wait(mu); // line:51
- }
- stk.push(x);
- ++un_read;
- cond_get.notify_one();
- }
- void get(int *x)
- {
- boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(mu); // 这里是读锁的门闩类
- while (is_empty())
- {
- cout << "empty waiting..." << endl;
- cond_get.wait(mu);
- }
- *x = stk.top();
- stk.pop();
- --un_read;
- cond_put.notify_one(); // 通知 51line可以写入了
- }
- };
- buffer buf(5);
- void producer(int n)
- {
- for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
- {
- cout << "put : " << i << endl;
- buf.put(i);
- }
- }
- void consumer(int n)
- {
- int x;
- for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
- {
- buf.get(&x);
- cout << "get : " << x << endl;
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- boost::thread t1(producer, 20);
- boost::thread t2(consumer, 10);
- boost::thread t3(consumer, 10);
- t1.join();
- t2.join();
- t3.join();
- return 0;
- }
最后说一句,condition_variable_any == condition, from /boost/thread/condition.hpp
- namespace boost
- {
- typedef condition_variable_any condition;
- }