本文就不对ant进行详细介绍，直接对一个实际项目的自动构建和部署等进行说明。
build.xml 内容主要分为2部分：项目编译库的配置 和 项目自动构建部署的编写
1、配置项目编译库classpath（文章底部贴出来的例子 build.xml 文件中，对编译库的配置写的不好，大家使用中参考下面这段代码这样写会比较清晰。）
<!-- ClassPath configuration setting -->
<!-- J2EE库 -->
<path id="J2EE.libraryclasspath">
<pathelement location="${library}/common/javaee/javaee.jar" />
</path>
<!-- 使用ant编译，在使用到com.sun包下类时，需要指定rt.jar文件的位置 -->
<path id="JAVA.rt">
<pathelement location="${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/rt.jar" />
</path>
<!-- Weblogic、Tomcat等容器lib -->
<path id="Server.libraryclasspath">
<fileset dir="${server.lib.dir}" includes="*.jar" />
</path>
<!-- 项目中引入其他工程的lib库, 或一些独立在某个地方的公共lib库 -->
<path id="Common.libraryclasspath">
<fileset dir="${commonProject.lib.dir}" includes="*.jar" />
</path>
<!-- 项目中引入其他工程源代码, 这里指定其他工程源码编译后的classes位置 -->
<path id="Common.classesclasspath">
<pathelement location="${commonProject.classes.dir}" />
</path>
<!-- 项目项目自身lib库 -->
<path id="Project.libraryclasspath">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib" includes="*.jar" />
</path>
<!-- 工程项目的classpath, 引入上面的一些公共库 -->
<path id="Project.classpath">
<path refid="JAVA.rt" />
<path refid="J2EE.libraryclasspath" />
<path refid="Server.libraryclasspath" />
<path refid="Common.libraryclasspath" />
<path refid="Project.libraryclasspath" />
<path refid="Common.classesclasspath" />
</path>
2、编译项目过程说明（层级关系就是 depends 关系）
> deploy ⑻ 使用ant执行deploy之前，需要先对Common项目进行ant编译，因为当前项目需要引用Common项目的classes
> release-code ⑹ depends="dist, copy-sql, copy-config"
> dist ⑶ 复制项目WebContent目录下所有的 (jsp文件\WEB-INF下除classes目录以外的所有文件\CommonLibrary文件) 到发布目录中的WebContent中、复制“ant编译的classes目录”到发布目录下的WebContent\WEB-INF目录中、复制commonProject.lib下的所有jar到发布目录下的WebContent\WEB-INF\lib中
> build-project ⑵ 指定src和Project.classpath, 使用javac进行编译, 指定编译后的classes存放目录
> init ⑴ 复制当前项目src目录下的 (除.java\.launch\.svn文件以外的所有文件) 到“编译后classes文件的存放目录”
> copy-sql ⑷ 复制当前项目及引用的项目src目录下所有mybatis的sql文件到发布目录中的WEB-INF/classes中
> copy-config ⑸ 复制当前项目src目录下的config目录到发布目录中中的WEB-INF/classes中(项目中的所有配置文件都放在src下的config目录中)
> release-resource ⑺ 复制当前项目WebContent下的所有静态资源文件到发布目录中(<fileset dir="${basedir}/WebContent" excludes="**/META-INF/**,**/WEB-INF/**,**/*.jsp" />) 或发布到apache中(静态资源交由apache处理)
大家对照下面的某项目的实际 build.xml 文件内容便于理解（其中有一些多余的部分，没有进行删除，不影响理解）。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<project basedir="." default="release-code" name="Backoffice">
<!-- ######################################################### -->
<!-- properties configuration for build -->
<!-- ######################################################### -->
<property environment="env" />
<property name="systemname" value="MobileWAP" />
<property name="libname" value="Common" />
<property name="projectname" value="${systemname}-Backoffice" />
<property name="was.home" value="/app/bea/wlserver" />
<property name="frameone.home" value="/svcroot" />
<property name="frameone.runtime" value="${frameone.home}/runtime" />
<property name="frameone.workspace" value="${frameone.home}/workspace" />
<property name="runtime.webapps" value="${frameone.runtime}/webinterface" />
<property name="dist.project.common" value="${frameone.runtime}/common/${libname}-Library/common" />
<property name="dist.frameone.common" value="${frameone.runtime}/common/${libname}-Library/frameone" />
<property name="frameone.lib.dir" value="${dist.frameone.common}/lib" />
<property name="project.lib.dir" value="${dist.project.common}/lib" />
<property name="backoffice.dir" value="${runtime.webapps}/${projectname}" />
<property name="backoffice.config.dir" value="${backoffice.dir}/config" />
<property name="backoffice.sql.dir" value="${backoffice.dir}/sql" />
<property name="dist.sqlx.dir" value="${frameone.workspace}/dist/${libname}-Library/sqlx" />
<property name="dist.config.dir" value="${frameone.workspace}/dist/${libname}-Library/config" />
<property name="dist.classes.dir" value="${frameone.workspace}/dist/${libname}-Library/build/classes" />
<property name="dist.classes.dir.wap" value="${dist.classes.dir}/wap" />
<property name="debuglevel" value="source,lines,vars" />
<property name="target" value="1.7" />
<property name="source" value="1.7" />
<property name="src.dir" value="${basedir}/src" />
<property name="dist.dir" value="${frameone.workspace}/dist" />
<property name="deploy.dir" value="${backoffice.dir}/WebContent" />
<property name="web.inf.dir" value="${basedir}/WebContent/WEB-INF" />
<property name="web.inf.lib.dir" value="${web.inf.dir}/lib" />
<property name="build.dir" value="${basedir}/build" />
<property name="build.classes.dir" value="${basedir}/build/classes" />
<property name="war.name" value="${projectname}.war" />
<property name="backup.dir" value="${frameone.runtime}/backup/${projectname}" />
<property name="backup.name" value="${projectname}" />
<property name="web.archive.name" value="${projectname}-Web" />
<property name="web.archive.ext" value="zip" />
<property name="web.archive.ftp.remotedir" value="${frameone.runtime}/webstatic" />
<property name="web.dir" value="${basedir}/WebContent" />
<!--<property name="runtime.contextname" value="wap" />-->
<property name="runtime.contextname" value="" />
<property name="runtime.webstatic" value="${frameone.runtime}/webstatic" />
<tstamp>
<format property="now" pattern="yyyyMMddhhmmss" />
</tstamp>
<!-- ClassPath configuration setting -->
<path id="J2EE.libraryclasspath">
<pathelement location="${frameone.runtime}/common/javaee/javaee.jar" />
</path>
<path id="WAS.libraryclasspath">
<fileset dir="${was.home}/server/lib" includes="*.jar">
</fileset>
</path>
<path id="Project.classpath">
<pathelement location="${dist.classes.dir}" />
<path refid="J2EE.libraryclasspath" />
<fileset dir="${frameone.lib.dir}" includes="common*.jar" />
<fileset dir="${frameone.lib.dir}" includes="*.jar" />
<fileset dir="${project.lib.dir}" includes="*.jar" />
<path refid="WAS.libraryclasspath" />
</path>
<!-- ######################################################### -->
<!-- endpoint targets -->
<!-- ######################################################### -->
<target name="cleanall" depends="clean" />
<target name="deploy" depends="release-code, release-resource" />
<target name="release-code" depends="dist, copy-sql, copy-config" />
<target name="clean">
<delete includeemptydirs="true" quiet="true">
<fileset dir="${dist.classes.dir}" includes="**/*" excludes="**/upload,**/img/">
</fileset>
</delete>
</target>
<target name="init">
<mkdir dir="${dist.classes.dir}" />
<copy includeemptydirs="false" todir="${dist.classes.dir}">
<fileset dir="${src.dir}" excludes="**/*.launch, **/*.java" />
</copy>
<copy includeemptydirs="false" todir="${dist.classes.dir.wap}">
<fileset dir="${src.dir}" excludes="**/*.launch, **/*.java" />
</copy>
</target>
<target name="build-project" depends="init">
<echo message="${ant.project.name}: ${ant.file}" />
<javac includeantruntime="false" debug="true" debuglevel="${debuglevel}" destdir="${dist.classes.dir.wap}" source="${source}" target="${target}" encoding="UTF-8">
<src path="${src.dir}" />
<classpath refid="Project.classpath" />
</javac>
</target>
<target name="backup">
<mkdir dir="${backup.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${deploy.dir}" />
<zip destfile="${backup.dir}/${backup.name}_${now}.zip" basedir="${deploy.dir}" />
</target>
<target name="dist" depends="build-project">
<delete includeemptydirs="true" quiet="true">
<fileset dir="${deploy.dir}" includes="**/*" excludes="**/upload,**/img/">
</fileset>
</delete>
<mkdir dir="${deploy.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${web.dir}" />
<copy todir="${deploy.dir}" verbose="true" overwrite="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="install/**" />
<include name="MiPlatform/*.jsp" />
<include name="common/**/*.jsp" />
<include name="WEB-INF/**/*" />
<include name="RDServer/**" />
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${deploy.dir}/WEB-INF/classes" verbose="true" overwrite="true">
<fileset dir="${dist.classes.dir.wap}">
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${deploy.dir}/WEB-INF/lib" verbose="true" overwrite="true">
<fileset dir="${frameone.lib.dir}">
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${project.lib.dir}">
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy tofile="${deploy.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml" file="${web.inf.dir}/web-dev.xml" verbose="true" overwrite="true">
</copy>
<!-- 가우스 설정파일 -->
<!-- <copy tofile="${deploy.dir}/WEB-INF/gauce.properties" file="${web.inf.dir}/gauce50-dev.properties" verbose="true" overwrite="true">
</copy> -->
<!-- ant condition 을 이용해서 최초 한번만 weblogic.xml 파일을 복사한다 -->
<condition property="check-file">
<not>
<available file="${deploy.dir}/WEB-INF/weblogic.xml" />
</not>
</condition>
<copy tofile="${deploy.dir}/WEB-INF/weblogic.xml" file="${web.inf.dir}/weblogic.xml" verbose="true" overwrite="true">
</copy>
</target>
<!-- sql xml filse copy -->
<target name="copy-sql">
<delete includeemptydirs="true" quiet="true">
<fileset dir="${backoffice.sql.dir}" includes="**/*">
</fileset>
</delete>
<copy todir="${backoffice.sql.dir}" overwrite="true">
<fileset dir="${dist.sqlx.dir}">
<include name="**/sql/**/**.sqlx" />
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${backoffice.sql.dir}" overwrite="true">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/src">
<include name="**/**.sqlx" />
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<!-- config xml filse copy -->
<target name="copy-config">
<mkdir dir="${backoffice.config.dir}" />
<copy todir="${backoffice.config.dir}" verbose="true">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/src/config" excludes="**/.svn">
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy file="${dist.config.dir}/spring/bean/bean-common-dev.xml" tofile="${backoffice.config.dir}/spring/bean/bean-common.xml" overwrite="true" />
<copy file="${backoffice.config.dir}/system/applicationProperties-dev.xml" tofile="${backoffice.config.dir}/system/applicationProperties.xml" overwrite="true" />
<copy file="${backoffice.config.dir}/spring/bean/bean-application-dev.xml" tofile="${backoffice.config.dir}/spring/bean/bean-application.xml" overwrite="true" />
<copy file="${backoffice.config.dir}/log4j/log4j-dev.xml" tofile="${backoffice.config.dir}/log4j/log4j.xml" overwrite="true" />
</target>
<!-- archive web resources -->
<target name="release-resource">
<!--<zip destfile="${build.dir}/${web.archive.name}.${web.archive.ext}" basedir="${web.dir}" excludes="**/META-INF/**,**/WEB-INF/**,**/*.jsp">
</zip> -->
<ftp server="52.208.118.81" port="21" userid="apache" password="qwer!@#$" action="put" binary="true" remotedir="${web.archive.ftp.remotedir}/${projectname}/${runtime.contextname}" verbose="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}" excludes="**/META-INF/**,**/WEB-INF/**,**/*.jsp">
</fileset>
</ftp>
</target>
<!-- explode web resources -->
<target name="explode-web">
<mkdir dir="${web.archive.ftp.remotedir}/${projectname}/${runtime.contextname}" />
<unzip src="${runtime.webstatic}/${web.archive.name}.${web.archive.ext}" dest="${web.archive.ftp.remotedir}/${projectname}/${runtime.contextname}">
</unzip>
</target>
<!-- explode web resources - both hudson and webserver in single machine -->
<target name="dist-web">
<mkdir dir="${web.archive.ftp.remotedir}/${projectname}/${runtime.contextname}" />
<copy todir="${web.archive.ftp.remotedir}/${projectname}/${runtime.contextname}">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}" excludes="**/META-INF/**,**/WEB-INF/**,**/*.jsp">
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
</project>
这个build.xml 的部署场景是：从svn上下载源代码，将编译后的classes文件存储在某个位置，编译完成后，将动态代码(classes\jsp等) 部署到web容器中，将WebContent下面的静态资源发布到内网另外一个apache服务器上。（web容器为weblogic、静态资源服务器为apache）
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