关于LVS基础不多介绍直接操练起来。
1.环境准备
首先准备4台机器(VM,Vbox...)
node1 --> Director1 192.168.137.31 vip=192.168.137.10
node2 --> Director2 192.168.137.32 vip=192.168.137.10
node3 --> RServer1 192.168.137.33
node4 --> RServer2 192.168.137.34
基于DR负载均衡模式,设置了一个VIP(Virtual IP)为192.168.137.10,用户只需要访问这个IP地址即可获得网页服务。其中,负载均衡MASTER-Server1 192.168.137.31,BACKUP-Server2 192.168.137.32 ;RServer1为192.168.137.33,RServer2为192.168..137.34
拓扑:
2.RealServer 配置
RS1配置
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# yum install -y httpd # echo "<h1>The page from node3</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html # service httpd start |
编写脚本setka.sh配置内核参数
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[root@localhost ~] # cat setka.sh
#!/bin/bash vip=192.168.137.10 case $1 in
start) echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
ifconfig lo:0 $vip broadcast $vip netmask 255.255.255.255 up
;; stop) ifconfig lo:0 down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
;; esac |
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# bash setka.sh start ##运行该脚本设置相关内核参数及VIP地址。 # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore ##内核参数设置成功 1 # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 2 # ifconfig lo:0 ##VIP设置成功 lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:192.168.137.10 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 # scp setka.sh root@192.168.137.33:/root ##拷贝一份给RS2 setka.sh 100% 547 0.5KB /s 00:00
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RS2配置
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# yum install -y httpd # echo "<h1>The page from node4</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html # service start httpd # bash setka.sh ##执行脚本,检查设置是否生效 两台都准备妥当后。 |
3.Director 配置
在配置之前,先要把4机器的时间同步一下
以node1为ntp-server
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[root@node1 ~] # for i in 31 32 33 34;do ssh 192.168.137.$i 'date';done ##提前给4台机器做了密钥认证
Wed Nov 8 23:50:28 CST 2017 Wed Nov 8 23:50:28 CST 2017 Wed Nov 8 23:50:28 CST 2017 Wed Nov 8 23:50:28 CST 2017 # yum install -y ipvsadm # route add -host 192.168.137.10/32 dev eth0 添加IPVS规则 # ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.137.10:80 -s rr # ipvsadm -a -t 1192.168.137.10:80 -r 192.168.137.37 -g -w 1 # ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.137.10:80 -r 192.168.137.37 -g -w 1 # ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.137.10:80 -r 192.168.137.33 -g -w 2 # ipvsadm -L -n 使用另一台Director访问VIP curl http: //192 .168.137.10
[root@node2 ~] # curl http://192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node3< /h1 >
[root@node2 ~] # curl http://192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node4< /h1 >
[root@node2 ~] # curl http://192.168.137.10
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两台Director进行IPVS测试之后,清除ipvs规则删除route条目
# ipvsadm -C
# route del -host 192.168.137.10/32 dev eth0
开始给Director 配置keepalived
MASTER 配置(node1)
# yum install -y keepalived httpd
# echo "<h1>Sorry,Under maintances(31).</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html ##添加sorry_server页面
# service httpd start
# 编辑配置文件keepalived.conf
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! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost #本地email地址
} notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.1.118 #配置VRRP组播域
} #健康状态检测脚本检查 vrrp_script chk_mt { script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1 weight -20 } #实例 vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 151 #虚拟路由ID
priority 100 #权重100
advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.137.10 /16 dev eth0 label eth0:1 #虚拟IP地址这里建议使用16为掩码
} track_script { #追踪健康状态脚本
chk_mt } notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master" #配置通知脚本
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
} #虚拟服务器及RealServer配置 virtual_server 192.168.137.10 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr #weighted rr (表示通过权重来轮询调度)
lb_kind DR #LVS DR 模型
nat_mask 255.255.255.0 protocol TCP sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80 #本地sorry_server服务器配置
real_server 192.168.137.33 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.137.34 80 { weight 2 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } } |
通知脚本(/etc/keepalived/notify.sh):
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#!/bin/bash # Author: ljohnmail@foxmail.com # description: An example of notify script # vip=192.168.137.10 contact= 'root@localhost'
notify() { mailsubject= "`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody= "`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
} case "$1" in
master) notify master exit 0
;; backup) notify backup exit 0
;; fault) notify fault exit 0
;; *) echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;; esac 注:通知脚本需要拷一份至node2 scp notify.sh root@192.168.137.32: /etc/keepalived/
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BACKUP配置(node2)
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# yum install -y keepalived # yum install -y httpd # echo "<h1>Sorry,Under maintances(32).</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html ##添加sorry_server页面 # service httpd start # 配置keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.1.118 } vrrp_script chk_mt { script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1 weight -20 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 151 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.137.10 /16 dev eth0 label eth0:1
} track_script { chk_mt } notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
} virtual_server 192.168.137.10 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 protocol TCP sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80 real_server 192.168.137.33 80 { weight 1 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.137.34 80 { weight 2 HTTP_GET { url { path / status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } } |
4.启动keepalived并测试功能
在node1上
1、启动keepalived
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# service keepalived restart ; ssh 192.168.137.32 'service keepalived restart' # ifconfig [root@node1~] # ifconfig ##可以看到eth0:1地址已经获取到
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AA:09:30 inet addr:192.168.137.31 Bcast:192.168.137.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feaa:930 /64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:46005 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:5151611 (4.9 MiB) TX bytes:5965319 (5.6 MiB) eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AA:09:30 inet addr:192.168.137.10 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 |
2、测试访问web
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[root@node1~] # curl http://192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node3< /h1 >
[root@node1~] # curl http://192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node4< /h1 >
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3、健康状态检测
手动在(MASTER)/etc/keepalived中新建一个down文件
# touch down
# 脚本检测到down文件存在权重减20,则vip会自动的floating 到BACKUP的主机上,删除down文件MASTER会将vip抢回来(处于主备的抢占模式下)。
测试如下:
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[root@node1 keepalived] # touch down
[root@node1 keepalived] #
[root@node1 keepalived] # ls
down keepalived.conf notify.sh 在node2上发现VIP设置成功 [root@node2 ~] # ifconfig eth0:1
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:CB:63:DF inet addr:192.168.137.10 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
在看看mail,此处说明VIP漂至node2 U 10 root Wed Nov 8 21:50 19 /723 "node2.localdomain to be master: 192.168.137.10 floating"
访问VIP: [root@node1 keepalived] # curl 192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node4< /h1 >
[root@node1 keepalived] # curl 192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node3< /h1 >
删除node1keepalived上的down文件。 #rm -rf /etc/keepalived/down [root@node1 keepalived] # ifconfig eth0:1
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AA:09:30 inet addr:192.168.137.10 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
mail邮件 >N 9 root Wed Nov 8 22:01 18 /713 "node1.localdomain to be master: 192.168.137.10 floating"
查看网站是否正常访问 [root@node2 ~] # curl 192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node4< /h1 >
[root@node2 ~] # curl 192.168.137.10
<h1>The page from node3< /h1 >
这里可看到地址又被node1抢回来了(因为我们配置的是抢占模式),网站正常被调度,测试完毕!!! |
4、Sorry_Server测试
在RealServer(node3)
停掉两台RealServer服务器
# service httpd stop ; ssh 192.168.137.34 'service httpd stop'
[root@liu ~]# curl http://192.168.137.10
<h1>Sorry,Under maintances(31).</h1>
注释:这里会用涉及到ntp时钟同步,Openssl的密钥的认证,
# ntpdate IP(ntp时钟服务器地址)
*/5 * * * * root /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.137.31 &>/dev/null;hwclock -w
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f "/root/.ssh/id_rsa"
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub [user@]machine
至此keepalived+lvs_dr+healthcheck 高可用集群就这样部署完毕。
本文转自 ljohnmail 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/ljohn/1980547,如需转载请自行联系原作者