Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

这算是一篇读书笔记,留着以后复习看看。

Web Server又称为Http Server,因为它使用HTTP协议和客户端(一般是各种各样的浏览器)进行通信。

什么是HTTP协议呢?

HTTP协议是基于有状态的TCP协议(默认的的TCP端口是80),最早版本的HTTP协议是HTTP/0.9,然后被HTTP/1.0代替了,代替HTTP/1.0的是现在使用的HTTP/1.1,详细介绍可以看RFC(请求注释)文档:http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/1.1/rfc2616.pdf。在HTTP协议中,总是客户端发起一个请求,服务器端是不会向客户端发起请求的。不管是客户端还是服务器端,都可以随时结束请求。

一个HTTP请求是由3部分组成的,请求行+请求头+请求实体,如下面这样

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server
POST /examples/default.jsp HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Length: 33
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

lastName=Franks&firstName=Michael

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

NOTE:请求头和请求实体之间要有一个空行(如果不包含请求实体,那么请求头结束后也要有一个空行),并且请求实体结束了要有一个空行。这样就是一个合法的HTTP请求了。

NOTE:一个合法的HTTP请求,应该可以没有请求实体,但是请求行和请求头(猜想这个请求头Connection: 是必须的)是不可以少的。

下面用一个例子,通过手动构造HTTP请求,请求baidu服务器端

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server
/**
 * Created by user on 14-1-11.
 */
public class TestSocket1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //建立连接
        Socket socket = new Socket("www.baidu.com", 80);
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        
        //发送请求
//        //发送请求 方法1
//        boolean autoFlush = true;
//        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os, autoFlush);
//        pw.println("GET / HTTP/1.1");
//        pw.println("Host: www.baidu.com");
//        pw.println("Connection: Close");
//        //NOTE: 即使没有请求体,请求头后面的回车换行也是不可以少的
//        pw.println();
        //发送请求 方法2
        String CRLF = "\r\n";
        StringBuffer requestSb = new StringBuffer();
        requestSb.append("GET / HTTP/1.1").append(CRLF)
                 .append("Host: www.baidu.com").append(CRLF)
                 .append("Connection: Close").append(CRLF)
                 .append(CRLF);
        os.write(requestSb.toString().getBytes());
        os.flush();
/*        
      //发送请求 方法3 : 测试,请求头是必须的,请求行也是必须的(至少要有Connection: ) 
      String CRLF = "\r\n";
      StringBuffer requestSb = new StringBuffer();
      requestSb.append("GET / HTTP/1.1").append(CRLF)
//               .append("Host: www.baidu.com").append(CRLF)
               .append("Connection: Close").append(CRLF)
               .append(CRLF);
      os.write(requestSb.toString().getBytes());
      os.flush();
*/        
        //读取响应
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(1024 * 8);
        boolean loop = true;
        while(loop) {
            if(br.ready()) {
                int i = 0;
                while(i != -1) {
                    i = br.read();
                    sb.append((char)i);
                }
                loop = false;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(sb.toString());
        socket.close();
    }
}
Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

结果如下:

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 00:11:08 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: Close
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=E89438B4C3C8B9A5D360DA8EF0F30A79:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=4848_4820_4787_1446_4261_4989_4897_4760_4883_4678; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Expires: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 00:10:20 GMT
Cache-Control: private
Server: BWS/1.1
BDPAGETYPE: 1
BDQID: 0x9626313d91064e78
BDUSERID: 0

3d94
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Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

 

模仿how tomcat works第一章写的程序,地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/hx888/6836501

运行效果

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

 

 

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

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