Kafka消息发送的三种模式

Step by Step

实例及接入准备

Kafka实例创建,这里使用阿里云Kafka消息队列。为了方便本地测试,创建公网 + VPC实例,参考链接

公网接入

三种消息发送方式

1、发后即忘(fire-and-forget)

import org.apache.kafka.clients.CommonClientConfigs;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.SaslConfigs;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.SslConfigs;
import java.util.Properties;

public class KafkaProducerDemo {

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        //设置sasl文件的路径
        JavaKafkaConfigurer.configureSasl();
        //加载kafka.properties
        Properties kafkaProperties =  JavaKafkaConfigurer.getKafkaProperties();

        Properties props = new Properties();
        //  设置接入点,请通过控制台获取对应Topic的接入点
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, kafkaProperties.getProperty("bootstrap.servers"));
        //  设置SSL根证书的路径,请记得将XXX修改为自己的路径
        //  与sasl路径类似,该文件也不能被打包到jar中
        props.put(SslConfigs.SSL_TRUSTSTORE_LOCATION_CONFIG, kafkaProperties.getProperty("ssl.truststore.location"));
        //  根证书store的密码,保持不变
        props.put(SslConfigs.SSL_TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_CONFIG, "KafkaOnsClient");
        //  接入协议,目前支持使用SASL_SSL协议接入
        props.put(CommonClientConfigs.SECURITY_PROTOCOL_CONFIG, "SASL_SSL");
        //  SASL鉴权方式,保持不变
        props.put(SaslConfigs.SASL_MECHANISM, "PLAIN");
        //  Kafka消息的序列化方式
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        //  请求的最长等待时间
        props.put(ProducerConfig.MAX_BLOCK_MS_CONFIG, 30 * 1000);
        //  设置客户端内部重试次数
        props.put(ProducerConfig.RETRIES_CONFIG, 5);
        //  设置客户端内部重试间隔
        props.put(ProducerConfig.RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MS_CONFIG, 3000);

        //  hostname校验改成空
        props.put(SslConfigs.SSL_ENDPOINT_IDENTIFICATION_ALGORITHM_CONFIG, "");

        //  构造Producer对象,注意,该对象是线程安全的,一般来说,一个进程内一个Producer对象即可;
        //  如果想提高性能,可以多构造几个对象,但不要太多,最好不要超过5个
        KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<String, String>(props);

        //  构造一个Kafka消息
        String topic = kafkaProperties.getProperty("topic"); //消息所属的Topic,请在控制台申请之后,填写在这里
        String value = "this is the message's value"; //消息的内容

        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        try {
            for (int i =0; i < 10000; i++) {
                //  发送消息:发后即忘
                ProducerRecord<String, String> kafkaMessage =  new ProducerRecord<String, String>(topic, value + ": " + i);
                producer.send(kafkaMessage);
            }
         // 将缓冲区的全部消息push到broker当中
         producer.flush();
         producer.close();

         long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
         System.out.println("发送消息耗时:" + (t2-t1));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //  客户端内部重试之后,仍然发送失败,业务要应对此类错误
            //  参考常见报错: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/68168.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.567.2OMgCB
            System.out.println("error occurred");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("消息发送完成!");
    }
}

2、同步(sync)

long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();

        try {
            //批量获取 futures 可以加快速度, 但注意,批量不要太大
            List<Future<RecordMetadata>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<RecordMetadata>>(128);
            for (int i =0; i < 10000; i++) {
                //发送消息,并获得一个Future对象
                ProducerRecord<String, String> kafkaMessage =  new ProducerRecord<String, String>(topic, value + ": " + i);
                Future<RecordMetadata> metadataFuture = producer.send(kafkaMessage);
                futures.add(metadataFuture);
            }
            producer.flush();
            for (Future<RecordMetadata> future: futures) {
                //同步获得Future对象的结果
                try {
                    RecordMetadata recordMetadata = future.get();
                    System.out.println("Produce ok:" + recordMetadata.toString());
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    t.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            producer.close(); // 关闭producer

            long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("同步发送耗时:" + (t2-t1));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //客户端内部重试之后,仍然发送失败,业务要应对此类错误
            //参考常见报错: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/68168.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.567.2OMgCB
            System.out.println("error occurred");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

3、异步(async)

import org.apache.kafka.clients.CommonClientConfigs;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.*;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.SaslConfigs;
import org.apache.kafka.common.config.SslConfigs;
import java.util.Properties;

public class KafkaProducerDemoAsync {

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        //设置sasl文件的路径
        JavaKafkaConfigurer.configureSasl();

        //加载kafka.properties
        Properties kafkaProperties =  JavaKafkaConfigurer.getKafkaProperties();

        Properties props = new Properties();
        //设置接入点,请通过控制台获取对应Topic的接入点
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, kafkaProperties.getProperty("bootstrap.servers"));
        //设置SSL根证书的路径,请记得将XXX修改为自己的路径
        //与sasl路径类似,该文件也不能被打包到jar中
        props.put(SslConfigs.SSL_TRUSTSTORE_LOCATION_CONFIG, kafkaProperties.getProperty("ssl.truststore.location"));
        //根证书store的密码,保持不变
        props.put(SslConfigs.SSL_TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_CONFIG, "KafkaOnsClient");
        //接入协议,目前支持使用SASL_SSL协议接入
        props.put(CommonClientConfigs.SECURITY_PROTOCOL_CONFIG, "SASL_SSL");
        //SASL鉴权方式,保持不变
        props.put(SaslConfigs.SASL_MECHANISM, "PLAIN");
        //Kafka消息的序列化方式
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        //请求的最长等待时间
        props.put(ProducerConfig.MAX_BLOCK_MS_CONFIG, 30 * 1000);
        //设置客户端内部重试次数
        props.put(ProducerConfig.RETRIES_CONFIG, 5);
        //设置客户端内部重试间隔
        props.put(ProducerConfig.RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MS_CONFIG, 3000);

        //hostname校验改成空
        props.put(SslConfigs.SSL_ENDPOINT_IDENTIFICATION_ALGORITHM_CONFIG, "");

        //构造Producer对象,注意,该对象是线程安全的,一般来说,一个进程内一个Producer对象即可;
        //如果想提高性能,可以多构造几个对象,但不要太多,最好不要超过5个
        KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<String, String>(props);

        //构造一个Kafka消息
        String topic = kafkaProperties.getProperty("topic"); //消息所属的Topic,请在控制台申请之后,填写在这里
        String value = "this is the message's value"; //消息的内容

        long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();

        try {
            for (int i =0; i < 10000; i++) {
                //发送消息,并获得一个Future对象
                ProducerRecord<String, String> kafkaMessage =  new ProducerRecord<String, String>(topic, value + ": " + i);
                producer.send(kafkaMessage,new MyProducerCallback());
            }
         //   将缓冲区的全部消息push到broker当中
         producer.flush();
         producer.close();
         long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();

         System.out.println("发送消息耗时:" + (t2-t1));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            //客户端内部重试之后,仍然发送失败,业务要应对此类错误
            //参考常见报错: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/68168.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.567.2OMgCB
            System.out.println("error occurred");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("消息发送完成!");
    }

    /**
     * callback 类实现
     */
    private static class MyProducerCallback implements Callback {

        public void onCompletion(RecordMetadata recordMetadata, Exception e) {
            if (e != null) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return;
            }
            System.out.println(recordMetadata.topic());
            System.out.println(recordMetadata.partition());
            System.out.println(recordMetadata.offset());
            System.out.println("Coming in MyProducerCallback");
        }
    }
}
时间对比
fire-and-forget:发送消息耗时:456
sync:同步发送耗时:613
async:发送消息耗时:713

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