请求与响应
请求方式
import requests
# GET
r = requests.get('url')
# POST
r = requests.post('url')
# PUT
r = requests.put('url')
# delete
r = requests.delete('url')
# head
r = requests.head('url')
# options
r = requests.options('url')
数据交互
ajax传参
import requests
data = {'key':'value'}
r = requests.post('url',data=data)
url传参
import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get(‘url, params=payload)
# print url
>>> print(r.url)
url?key2=value2&key1=value1
文件交互
import requests
r = requests.get('https://github.com/favicon.ico')
with open('favicon.ico','wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
响应
import requests
# GET
r = requests.get('url')
# 响应码
print(r.status_code)
# 以文本格式返回响应内容
print(r.text)
# 以字节格式返回响应内容
print(r.content)
# 以json格式返回相应内容,因为就算请求出错也会返回一串json格式的字符串。
# 所以可以使用r.status_code或者r.raise_for_status来判断响应是否成功
print(r.json())
通用参数
headers
import requests
headers={
'content-encoding': 'gzip',
'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',
'connection': 'close',
'server': 'nginx/1.0.4',
'x-runtime': '148ms',
'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',
'content-type': 'application/json'
}
r = requests.post('url',headers=headers)
cookis
import requests
cookies=""
jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
for cookie in cookies.split(';'):
key,value = cookie.split('=',1)
jar.set(key,vaule)
r = requests.post('url',cookies=cookies)
proxies
import requests
proxies = {
"http":"",
"https":""
}
r = requests.post('url',proxies=proxies)
timeout
import requests
# 1s
r = requests.post('url',timeout = 1)
SSL 证书验证
import requests
# 关闭验证
r = requests.post('url',verify=False)
Session
Session 对象允许您跨请求保留某些参数。
import requests
s = requests.Session()
s.auth = ('username','password')
s.headers.update({'x-test':'true'})
r = s.get('url')
Prepared Request
from requests import Request, Session
data = {
}
headers = {
}
s = Session()
req = requests.post('url',data=data,headers=headers)
# 将请求表示为数据结构
prepped = s.prepare_request(req)
r = s.send(prepped)
print(r.text)
身份验证
import requests
form requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
r = requests.post('url',auth=HTTPBasicAuth('username','password'))