静默安装
经常搭建Oracle测试环境，有时候觉得OUI（即图形界面）方式甚是繁琐，你得一步一步进行确认，所幸，Oracle支持静默安装。在我看来，它主要有两方面的好处：一、极大地提升了效率，尤其是批量安装。二、很多时候，只有终端环境可供使用。
一、准备responseFile文件
从Oracle软件中获取文件模板
[oracle@node2 ~]$ cd database/response/ dbca.rsp db_install.rsp netca.rsp
其中database是Oracle软件解压后生成的目录。可见在response目录下有三个模板，其中dbca.rsp是用来创建数据库的。db_install.rsp是用来安装Oracle软件的。netca.rsp是用来创建监听器的。当然也可在db_install.rsp中直接创建数据库。在这里，为求方便，我们选择db_install.rsp模板一并安装软件，创建数据库。
二、编辑responseFile文件
[oracle@node2 ~]$ grep -Ev "^$|^#" db_install.rsp oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG ORACLE_HOSTNAME=node2.being.com UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall= oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=400 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD= PROXY_REALM= COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL= oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
注意部分如上所示，关于每个参数的说明，可参考模板中的解释。
三、 静默安装
[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -help
如果对runInstaller的参数不是很了解的话，可通过该命令进行查看。
[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -help
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-04-01_10-05-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@node2 database]$ Usage:
runInstaller [-options] [(<CommandLineVariable=Value>)*]
Where options include:
-clusterware oracle.crs,<crs version>
Version of Cluster ready services installed.
-crsLocation <Path>
Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the crs home location. Specifying this overrides CRS information obtained from central inventory.
-invPtrLoc <full path of oraInst.loc>
Unix only. To point to a different inventory location. The orainst.loc file contains:
inventory_loc=<location of central inventory>
inst_group=<>
-jreLoc <location>
Path where Java Runtime Environment is installed. OUI cannot be run without it.
-logLevel <level>
To filter log messages that have a lesser priority level than <level>. Valid options are: severe, warning, info, config, fine, finer, finest, basic, general, detailed, trace. The use of basic, general, detailed, trace is deprecated.
-paramFile <location of file>
Specify location of oraparam.ini file to be used by OUI.
-responseFile <Path>
Specifies the response file and path to use.
-attachHome
For attaching homes to the OUI inventory.
-cfs
Indicates that the Oracle home specified is on cluster file system (shared). This is mandatory when '-local' is specified so that Oracle Universal Installer can register the home appropriately into the inventory.
-clone
For making an Oracle Home copy match its current environment.
-debug
For getting the debug information from OUI.
-detachHome
For detaching homes from the OUI inventory without deleting inventory directory inside Oracle home.
-enableRollingUpgrade
Used in cluster environment, to enable upgrade of a product on a subset of nodes (on which the product was installed).
-executeSysPrereqs
Execute system pre-requisite checks and exit.
-force
Allowing silent mode installation into a non-empty directory.
-help
Displays above usage.
-ignoreSysPrereqs
For ignoring the results of the system pre-requisite checks.
-local
Performs the operation on the local node irrespective of the cluster nodes specified.
-printdiskusage
Log debug information for disk usage.
-printmemory
Log debug information for memory usage.
-printtime
Log debug information for time usage.
-relink
For performing relink actions on the oracle home
Usage: -relink -maketargetsxml <location of maketargetsxml> [-makedepsxml <location of makedepsxml>] [name=value]
-silent
For silent mode operations, the inputs can be a response file or a list of command line variable value pairs.
-waitforcompletion
Installer will wait for completion instead of spawning the java engine and exiting.
-suppressPreCopyScript
Suppress the execution of precopy script.
-acceptUntrustedCertificates
Accept untrusted certificates from a secure site.
-suppressPostCopyScript
Suppress the execution of postcopy script.
-noconfig
Do not execute config tools.
-noconsole
For suppressing display of messages to console. Console is not allocated.
-formCluster
To install the Oracle clusterware in order to form the cluster.
-remotecp <Path>
Unix specific option. Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the remote copy program on the local cluster node.
-remoteshell <Path>
Unix specific option. Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the remote shell program on the local cluster node.
-executePrereqs
To execute only the prerequisite checks.
-ignorePrereq
To ignore running the prerequisite checks.
-ignoreInternalDriverError
To ignore any internal driver errors.
-downloadUpdates
To download updates only.
-showProgress
To show the installation progress on the console. This option is supported only in case of silent installation.
Command Line Variables Usage
Command line variables are specified using <name=value>; for example:
[ session: | compName: | compName:version: ]variableName=" valueOfVariable"]
Session/Installer variables are specified using:
[session:]varName=value
Ex 1: session:ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraHome"
Ex 2: ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraHome"
The lookup order is session:varName then just varName. The session prefix is used to avoid ambiguity.
Component variables are specified using:
[compInternalName:[Version:]]varName
Ex 1: oracle.comp1:1.0.1:varName="VarValue"
Ex 2: oracle.comp1:varName="VarValue"
The lookup order is compInternalName:Version:varName, then compInternalName:varName, then just varName.
开始静默安装
[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
其中-silent指的是静默安装，-ignorePrereq忽略prerequisite的检查结果，showProgress显示进度，responseFile是种子文件。
[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 3073 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 3999 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-04-01_10-13-42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@node2 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-30011] The ADMIN password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE: Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
ACTION: Provide a password that conforms to the Oracle recommended standards.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log
Prepare in progress.
.................................................. 8% Done.
Prepare successful.
Copy files in progress.
.................................................. 15% Done.
.................................................. 21% Done.
.................................................. 27% Done.
.................................................. 34% Done.
.................................................. 39% Done.
.................................................. 44% Done.
.................................................. 52% Done.
.................................................. 57% Done.
.................................................. 62% Done.
.................................................. 67% Done.
........................................
Copy files successful.
Link binaries in progress.
..........
Link binaries successful.
Setup files in progress.
.................................................. 72% Done.
..............................
Setup files successful.
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log' for more details.
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant in progress.
.................................................. 86% Done.
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant successful.
Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in progress.
.................................................. 95% Done.
Oracle Database Configuration Assistant successful.
Execute Root Scripts in progress.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
.................................................. 100% Done.
Execute Root Scripts successful.
Successfully Setup Software.
最后，需root用户手动执行以下两个文件：
1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
当然，也可查看/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log了解具体的安装信息。
命令行安装
首先来看dbca命令行支持哪些参数。
[oracle@node2 ~]$ dbca -help
dbca [-silent | -progressOnly | -customCreate] {<command> <options> } | { [<command> [options] ] -responseFile <response file > } [-continueOnNonFatalErrors <true | false>]
Please refer to the manual for details.
You can enter one of the following command:
Create a database by specifying the following parameters:
-createDatabase
-templateName <name of an existing template in default location or the complete template path>
[-cloneTemplate]
-gdbName <global database name>
[-sid <database system identifier>]
[-sysPassword <SYS user password>]
[-systemPassword <SYSTEM user password>]
[-emConfiguration <CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NONE>
-dbsnmpPassword <DBSNMP user password>
-sysmanPassword <SYSMAN user password>
[-hostUserName <Host user name for EM backup job>
-hostUserPassword <Host user password for EM backup job>
-backupSchedule <Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm>]
[-centralAgent <Enterprise Manager central agent home>]]
[-disableSecurityConfiguration <ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE>
[-datafileDestination <destination directory for all database files> | -datafileNames <a text file containing database objects such as controlfiles, tablespaces, redo log files and spfile to their corresponding raw device file names mappings in name=value format.>]
[-redoLogFileSize <size of each redo log file in megabytes>]
[-recoveryAreaDestination <destination directory for all recovery files>]
[-datafileJarLocation <location of the data file jar, used only for clone database creation>]
[-storageType < FS | ASM >
[-asmsnmpPassword <ASMSNMP password for ASM monitoring>]
-diskGroupName <database area disk group name>
-recoveryGroupName <recovery area disk group name>
[-characterSet <character set for the database>]
[-nationalCharacterSet <national character set for the database>]
[-registerWithDirService <true | false>
-dirServiceUserName <user name for directory service>
-dirServicePassword <password for directory service >
-walletPassword <password for database wallet >]
[-listeners <list of listeners to configure the database with>]
[-variablesFile <file name for the variable-value pair for variables in the template>]]
[-variables <comma separated list of name=value pairs>]
[-initParams <comma separated list of name=value pairs>]
[-sampleSchema <true | false> ]
[-memoryPercentage <percentage of physical memory for Oracle>]
[-automaticMemoryManagement ]
[-totalMemory <memory allocated for Oracle in MB>]
[-databaseType <MULTIPURPOSE|DATA_WAREHOUSING|OLTP>]]
Configure a database by specifying the following parameters:
-configureDatabase
-sourceDB <source database sid>
[-sysDBAUserName <user name with SYSDBA privileges>
-sysDBAPassword <password for sysDBAUserName user name>]
[-registerWithDirService|-unregisterWithDirService|-regenerateDBPassword <true | false>
-dirServiceUserName <user name for directory service>
-dirServicePassword <password for directory service >
-walletPassword <password for database wallet >]
[-disableSecurityConfiguration <ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE>
[-enableSecurityConfiguration <true|false>
[-emConfiguration <CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NONE>
-dbsnmpPassword <DBSNMP user password>
-sysmanPassword <SYSMAN user password>
[-hostUserName <Host user name for EM backup job>
-hostUserPassword <Host user password for EM backup job>
-backupSchedule <Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm>]
[-centralAgent <Enterprise Manager central agent home>]]
Create a template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:
-createTemplateFromDB
-sourceDB <service in the form of <host>:<port>:<sid>>
-templateName <new template name>
-sysDBAUserName <user name with SYSDBA privileges>
-sysDBAPassword <password for sysDBAUserName user name>
[-maintainFileLocations <true | false>]
Create a clone template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:
-createCloneTemplate
-sourceSID <source database sid>
-templateName <new template name>
[-sysDBAUserName <user name with SYSDBA privileges>
-sysDBAPassword <password for sysDBAUserName user name>]
[-maintainFileLocations <true | false>]
[-datafileJarLocation <directory to place the datafiles in a compressed format>]
Generate scripts to create database by specifying the following parameters:
-generateScripts
-templateName <name of an existing template in default location or the complete template path>
-gdbName <global database name>
[-scriptDest <destination for all the scriptfiles>]
Delete a database by specifying the following parameters:
-deleteDatabase
-sourceDB <source database sid>
[-sysDBAUserName <user name with SYSDBA privileges>
-sysDBAPassword <password for sysDBAUserName user name>]
Query for help by specifying the following options: -h | -help
由此来看，dbca命令行参数还是及其丰富的，完全可DIY建库。
下面，用最少参数建了一个库。
[oracle@node2 trace]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName test -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle
注意，密码需指定，不然会有以下提示
A value for the command line argument "systemPassword" is not provided. We cannot proceed without a value for this argument.
最后输出结果如下：
Copying database files 1% complete 3% complete 11% complete 18% complete 26% complete 37% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 40% complete 45% complete 50% complete 55% complete 56% complete 60% complete 62% complete Completing Database Creation 66% complete 70% complete 73% complete 85% complete 96% complete 100% complete Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/test/test.log" for further details.
注意：建库时的日志信息可在$ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/<dbname>下查看。