Java笔记：SpringBoot发送邮件

2021-12-09 03:57:00

SpringBoot发送邮件

课程目录

1、第一部分背景

使用场景
发送原理
发送历史

SpringBoot介绍
前置知识

2、第二部分实践

文本邮件
HTML邮件

附件邮件
图片邮件
邮件模板
邮件系统

第一部分背景

1、邮件使用场景

注册验证
网站营销
安全防线
提醒监控
触发机制

2、邮件发送原理

SMPTP协议发送协议
POP3协议接收协议
IMAP协议对POP3补充
Mime协议

3、邮件发送历史

1969年10月世界第一封
1987年9月14日中国第一封

4、SpringBoot介绍

约定大于配置
简单快速开发
强大生态链

5、前置知识

Spring
Maven
HTML
Thymeleaf

第二部分实践

1、学习路径

基础配置
文本邮件
HTML邮件
附件邮件
图片邮件
邮件模板
异常处理
邮件系统
2、环境配置

初始化SpringBoot项目

https://start.spring.io/

版本：2.3.5.RELEASE

Service示例

package com.example.demo.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class HelloService {
    public void sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Hello");
    }
}

测试类

package com.example.demo;

import com.example.demo.service.HelloService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class DemoApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @Test
    void sayHelloTest() {
        helloService.sayHello();
    }

}

3、项目配置

引入jar包

<!-- 邮件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 模板引擎 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置邮箱参数

spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
spring.mail.username=username@163.com
# 户端授权码
spring.mail.password=password
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8

4、发送邮件

封装SimpleMailMessage
JavaMailSender进行发送

package com.example.demo.service;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

@Service
public class MailService {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String fromUser;

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    /**
     * 文本邮件
     *
     * @param toUser
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     */
    public void sendSimpleMail(
            String toUser, String subject,
            String content) {

        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();

        message.setFrom(fromUser);
        message.setTo(toUser);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);

        mailSender.send(message);

    }

    /**
     * html邮件
     *
     * @param toUser
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     */
    public void sendHtmlMail(
            String toUser, String subject,
            String content) {

        logger.info("html邮件开始：{} {} {}", toUser, subject, content);

        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = null;

        try {
            helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
            helper.setFrom(fromUser);
            helper.setTo(toUser);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content, true);

            mailSender.send(message);

            logger.info("html邮件成功");

        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.error("html邮件失败：", e);

        }

    }

    /**
     * 附件邮件
     *
     * @param toUser
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param filePath 绝对路径
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(
            String toUser, String subject,
            String content, String filePath)
            throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(fromUser);
        helper.setTo(toUser);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));

        // 可以多次添加附件
        helper.addAttachment(file.getFilename(), file);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 图片邮件
     *
     * @param toUser
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param resourcePath
     * @param resourceId
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendInlineResourceMail(
            String toUser, String subject,
            String content, String resourcePath, String resourceId)
            throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(fromUser);
        helper.setTo(toUser);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource(new File(resourcePath));

        // 可以多次添加图片
        helper.addInline(resourceId, resource);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

发送测试

package com.example.demo;

import com.example.demo.service.MailService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import java.io.IOException;

@SpringBootTest
class DemoApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    MailService mailService;

    @Autowired
    TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    @Test
    void sendSimpleMailTest() {
        mailService.sendSimpleMail(
                "pengshiyuyx@163.com",
                "文本邮件标题",
                "邮件内容"
        );
    }

    @Test
    void sendHtmlMailTest() {
        String content = "<html>" +
                "<body>" +
                "<h3>这是邮件内容</h3>" +
                "</body>" +
                "</html>";
        mailService.sendHtmlMail(
                "pengshiyuyx@163.com",
                "HTML邮件标题",
                content
        );
    }

    @Test
    void sendAttachmentsMailTest() throws MessagingException, IOException {
        String filePath = "name.txt";

        ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(filePath);

        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail(
                "pengshiyuyx@163.com",
                "附件邮件标题",
                "邮件内容",
                resource.getFile().getAbsolutePath()
        );
    }

    @Test
    void sendInlineResourceMailTest() throws IOException, MessagingException {
        String imagePath = "demo.jpg";
        String resourceId = "image001";
        String content = "<html>" +
                "<body>" +
                "<h3>这是邮件内容</h3>" +
                "<img src='cid:" + resourceId + "'>" +
                "</body>" +
                "</html>";

        ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(imagePath);

        mailService.sendInlineResourceMail(
                "pengshiyuyx@163.com",
                "图片邮件标题",
                content,
                resource.getFile().getAbsolutePath(),
                resourceId
        );
    }


    @Test
    void sendTemplateMailTest() {
        Context content = new Context();
        content.setVariable("id", "007");
        String mailContent = templateEngine.process("mail", content);

        mailService.sendHtmlMail(
                "pengshiyuyx@163.com",
                "模板邮件标题",
                mailContent
        );
    }


}

模板

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org/">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>感谢注册</p>
    <p><a href="" th:href="@{https://www.baidu.com/{id}(id=${id})}">点击激活</a></p>
</body>
</html>

常见错误

421 HL:ICC 该IP同事并发连接数过大
451 Requested mail action not taken: too much fail
登录失败次数过多，被临时禁止登录
553 authentication is required 认证失败
更多错误

http://help.163.com/09/1224/17/5RAJ4LMH00753VB8.html

邮件系统

独立微服务MQ
异常处理

定时重试邮件
异步发送

总结

邮件发送历史和原理
SpringBoot 和邮件系统
各种类型邮件的发送
邮件系统

码农公寓

SpringBoot发送邮件

课程目录

第一部分 背景

第二部分 实践

邮件系统

总结

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第一部分背景

第二部分实践