如果我们想对外发布RESTful API，可以基于ASP.NET来构建Restful APIs，但需要部署IIS吗？答案是不必。你可以把它托管到一个Windows Service。具体如何把WEB API自托管到Windows Service可以参考这一文章：Self-Host a Web API (HttpSelfHostServer) (C#). 基本上照着一步步做就行了。例子里是基于Windows Console Application，同样可以Self-Host到Windows Service.
问题在于如何把Controllers从Windows Service分离？可以使用autoFac，本文具体从这展开。
使用autoFac分离Controllers
autoFac是一个.NET IoC容器框架，这里我们用来分离Controllers，也就是说，我们把MVC的控制器Controllers放到独立的一个工程（Project），然后在Windows Service里面自托管（Self-Host）RESTful APIs。部署的时候只要部署windows service即可，不需要IIS，外部一样可以调用我们的RESTful APIs. 需要做的就是： 1. 引用autoFac 2. 注册Controllers 3. 设置DependencyResolver。好，我们新建一个project，类型是类库dll。添加引用：System.Web.Http；添加一个Controller：
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using
System;
using
System.Net;
using
System.Net.Http;
using
System.Web.Http;
using
Newtonsoft.Json;
namespace
myCompany
{ public
class
GroupController : ApiController, IGroupController
{
public
HttpResponseMessage Update(HttpRequestMessage request)
{
Model model = null;
var
body = "";
var
valid = true;
var
result = new
response { success = true, message = ""
};
HttpResponseMessage response;
try
{
body = request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
/*
* According to the content type (text / json / xml), deserialize the request body
*/
model = Deserialize(body,
ModelUtility.GetMediaType(request.Content.Headers.ContentType.ToString()));
if
(model == null)
valid = false;
}
catch
(Exception e)
{
valid = false;
}
if
(!valid)
{
response = BuildFailureResponse(string.Format(
"Failure during parsing the request [{0}]", body));
}
else
{
response = Request.CreateResponse<response>(HttpStatusCode.OK, result);
}
return
response;
}
private
static
Model Deserialize(string
data, MediaTypes type)
{
switch
(type)
{
case
MediaTypes.HTML:
break;
case
MediaTypes.JSON:
return
JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Model>(data);
case
MediaTypes.TEXT:
return
new
Model
{
name = ModelUtility.ParseText(data, "name"),
status = ModelUtility.ParseText(data, "status")
};
case
MediaTypes.XML:
return
Utility.XmlSerilizer.Deserialize<Model>(data);
case
MediaTypes.UNKNOWN:
break;
default:
break;
}
return
null;
}
private
HttpResponseMessage BuildFailureResponse(string
message)
{
var
result = new
response { success = false, message = message };
return
Request.CreateResponse<response>(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, result);
}
}
} |
上面那个控制器可以处理RESTful API涉及group的请求。具体下面再谈。
回到我们已经创建Self-Host的Windows Service项目，里面添加引用Autofac.dll和Autofac.Integration.WebApi.dll。此外，可能还需要一些引用，我这里的列表如下：
然后在Windows Service项目里面添加一个类，内容如下：
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using
System.Reflection;
using
System.Web.Http;
using
Autofac;
using
Autofac.Integration.WebApi;
namespace
myCompany
{ public
class
AutofacWebAPI
{
public
static
void
Initialize(HttpConfiguration config)
{
config.DependencyResolver = new
AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver(
RegisterServices(new
ContainerBuilder())
);
}
private
static
IContainer RegisterServices(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).PropertiesAutowired();
builder.RegisterType<GroupController>().As<IGroupController>();
return
builder.Build();
}
}
} |
主要就是用来aufoFac初始化和注册类型。然后在Windows service里面调用：
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public
partial
class
Service : ServiceBase
{ private
HttpSelfHostServer _server;
private
readonly
HttpSelfHostConfiguration _config;
public
Service()
{
InitializeComponent();
_config = new
HttpSelfHostConfiguration(_serviceAddress);
_config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("DefaultApi",
"notifications/{controller}/{id}",
new
{ id = RouteParameter.Optional });
}
protected
override
void
OnStart(string[] args)
{
/* Start self-host Web API */
AutofacWebAPI.Initialize(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
_server = new
HttpSelfHostServer(_config);
_server.OpenAsync();
}
} |
就这么简单。此外，你还可以用其他的DependencyResolver方式，具体参考autoFac官方文档：https://code.google.com/p/autofac/wiki/WebApiIntegration
最后如何测试呢？
HTTP POST http://localhost:8080/notifications/group/update
post body (text/plain): name=abc&status=CANCELLED
post body
(application/json): "{\"name\":\"abc\",\"status\":\"CANCELLED\"}";
post
body (application/xml):
@"<myc:root
xmlns:myc=""http://api.abc.com/Platform/1.0"">
<myc:name>abc</myc:name>
<myc:status>CANCELLED</myc:status>
</myc:root>";
看不懂的，可看代码。支持text/json/xml多种参数格式。RESTful API测试可以用Chrome插件：Postman REST Client。