实验3:OpenFlow协议分析实践
一、实验目的
- 能够运用 wireshark 对 OpenFlow 协议数据交互过程进行抓包;
- 能够借助包解析工具,分析与解释 OpenFlow协议的数据包交互过程与机制。
二、实验环境
- 下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox;
- 在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64,并完整安装Mininet;
三、实验要求
(一)基本要求
- 搭建下图所示拓扑,完成相关 IP 配置,并实现主机与主机之间的 IP 通信。用抓包软件获取控制器与交换机之间的通信数据包。
主机 | IP地址 |
---|---|
h1 | 192.168.0.101/24 |
h2 | 192.168.0.102/24 |
h3 | 192.168.0.103/24 |
h4 | 192.168.0.104/24 |
- 任务二:
- 查看抓包结果,分析OpenFlow协议中交换机与控制器的消息交互过程,画出相关交互图或流程图。
- 交互图
-
Hello:
首先,控制器与交互及互相发送 Hello 消息
Features Request:
其次,OpenFlow 连接建立之后,控制器向交换机发送 Features Request 消息查询交换机特性
Features Reply
交换机在收到控制器发出的 Features Request 消息后,将自己的特性告诉给控制器,返回 Features Request 消息
Set config
知道了交换机的特性之后就要配置交换机了
Packet-in
- 1.数据包在交换机中匹配不到流表,则向controller发送Packet_in消息
- 2.数据包在流表中有匹配的条目,但是其中所指示的 action 列表中包含转发给控制器的动作(Output = CONTROLLER)
Flow-Mod / Packet-out
当控制器收到 Packet-in 消息时有两种响应的方式:
1.Flow-Mod:控制器收到 Packet‐in 消息后,可以发送 Flow‐Mod 消息向交换机下发一个流表项
2.Packet-out:与Flow-Mod不同的是,控制器不会下发流表,而是直接告诉交换机该如何做
- 回答问题:交换机与控制器建立通信时是使用TCP协议还是UDP协议? 答:tcp协议!
进阶任务
- 抓包结果对照OpenFlow源码,了解OpenFlow主要消息类型对应的数据结构定义。
OFPT_Hello
Hello包定义了一个header
header数据结构:OFPT_ERROR
如果连接失败,会发送一个error包
error类型:enum ofp_error_type {
OFPET_HELLO_FAILED, /* Hello protocol failed. */
OFPET_BAD_REQUEST, /* Request was not understood. */
OFPET_BAD_ACTION, /* Error in action description. */
OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED, /* Problem modifying flow entry. */
OFPET_PORT_MOD_FAILED, /* Port mod request failed. */
OFPET_QUEUE_OP_FAILED /* Queue operation failed. */
};OFPT_FEATURES
OFPT_FEATURES 主要是请求交换机的特性
交换机的特性数据结构定义: -
struct ofp_switch_features {
struct ofp_header header;
uint64_t datapath_id; /* Datapath unique ID. The lower 48-bits are for
a MAC address, while the upper 16-bits are
implementer-defined. */
uint32_t n_buffers; /* Max packets buffered at once. */
uint8_t n_tables; /* Number of tables supported by datapath. */
uint8_t pad[3]; /* Align to 64-bits. */
/* Features. */
uint32_t capabilities; /* Bitmap of support "ofp_capabilities". */
uint32_t actions; /* Bitmap of supported "ofp_action_type"s. */
/* Port info.*/
struct ofp_phy_port ports[0]; /* Port definitions. The number of ports
is inferred from the length field in
the header. */
};OFPT_PACKET_IN
OFPT_PACKET_IN产生的原因有两种,一种是没匹配到流表,另一种是匹配到了,动作是转发的控制器
代码 -
:enum ofp_packet_in_reason {
OFPR_NO_MATCH, /* No matching flow. */
OFPR_ACTION /* Action explicitly output to controller. */
};数据格式 -
:struct ofp_packet_in {
struct ofp_header header;
uint32_t buffer_id; /* ID assigned by datapath. */
uint16_t total_len; /* Full length of frame. */
uint16_t in_port; /* Port on which frame was received. */
uint8_t reason; /* Reason packet is being sent (one of OFPR_*) */
uint8_t pad;
uint8_t data[0]; /* Ethernet frame, halfway through 32-bit word,
so the IP header is 32-bit aligned. The
amount of data is inferred from the length
field in the header. Because of padding,
offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data) ==
sizeof(struct ofp_packet_in) - 2. */ -
OFPT_PACKET_OUT
packet_in事件之后,一般会触发两类事件,packet_out和flow_mod。两者都是指导交换机如何处理数据包,区别是是否下发流表项
数据结构 -
:struct ofp_packet_out {
struct ofp_header header;
uint32_t buffer_id; /* ID assigned by datapath (-1 if none). */
uint16_t in_port; /* Packet's input port (OFPP_NONE if none). */
uint16_t actions_len; /* Size of action array in bytes. */
struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* Actions. */
/* uint8_t data[0]; */ /* Packet data. The length is inferred
from the length field in the header.
(Only meaningful if buffer_id == -1.) */
};OFPT_FLOW_MOD
控制器收到 Packet‐in 消息后,可以发送 Flow‐Mod 消息向交换机下发一个流表项,指导交换机转发数据包
数据格式:struct ofp_flow_mod {
struct ofp_header header;
struct ofp_match match; /* Fields to match */
uint64_t cookie; /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
/* Flow actions. */
uint16_t command; /* One of OFPFC_*. */
uint16_t idle_timeout; /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */
uint16_t hard_timeout; /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */
uint16_t priority; /* Priority level of flow entry. */
uint32_t buffer_id; /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).
Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */
uint16_t out_port; /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require
matching entries to include this as an
output port. A value of OFPP_NONE
indicates no restriction. */
uint16_t flags; /* One of OFPFF_*. */
struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* The action length is inferred
from the length field in the
header. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_flow_mod) == 72);
/* Why was this flow removed? */
enum ofp_flow_removed_reason {
OFPRR_IDLE_TIMEOUT, /* Flow idle time exceeded idle_timeout. */
OFPRR_HARD_TIMEOUT, /* Time exceeded hard_timeout. */
OFPRR_DELETE /* Evicted by a DELETE flow mod. */
}; -
实验总结:本次实验难度相对较小,但是对于刚刚开始实验的时候对于wireshark中找不到hello是相当的难受,经过对同学博客上的有相同问题的解决办法还是有一定的帮助,但是还是找不到hello,最后还是陈诗文同学的帮助下,才成功的找到需要的截图,本次实验自我有很好的掌握了wireshark,懂得一些基础的分析,懂得了一些东西,同时对于进阶实验的东西多少有些了解,参考了有书写进阶任务的同学的资料,还是学到了一些东西。谢谢老师同学的材料
- 抓包结果对照OpenFlow源码,了解OpenFlow主要消息类型对应的数据结构定义。