使用rsync实现数据同步。
一、基于服务器--客户端方式的数据同步。
1、server端配置
查看软件包是否安装
rsync-3.0.6-5.el6_0.1.x86_64
2、开启rsync服务
rsync不是一个独立服务,需要xinetd支持,所以确保系统已经安装了xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep xinetd
xinetd-2.3.14-31.el6.x86_64
xinetd-2.3.14-31.el6.x86_64
3、 启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# service xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
4、 查看是否启动了rsync服务,rsync服务使用的端口是873
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antlp |grep 873
tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 7889/xinetd
tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 7889/xinetd
5、 因为rsync服务默认没有配置文件,所以需要手动创建配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd #描述文件
#全局配置
uid = nobody
gid = nobody
use chroot = no #开启的话需要root用户
max connections = 4 #最大连接数
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsync.log
motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd #描述文件
[www] #模块1,可以定义多个
path = /var/www/html #备份的目录
comment = www server
read only = true #只读
list = false
hosts allow = 192.168.0.0/24 #允许的地址
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
auth users = zhaoyun #同步时用到的用户
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets #用户密码文件
[mysql] #模块2
path = /var/lib/mysql
comment = mysql data backup
read only = true
list = false
auth users = zhao
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets
motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd #描述文件
#全局配置
uid = nobody
gid = nobody
use chroot = no #开启的话需要root用户
max connections = 4 #最大连接数
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsync.log
motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd #描述文件
[www] #模块1,可以定义多个
path = /var/www/html #备份的目录
comment = www server
read only = true #只读
list = false
hosts allow = 192.168.0.0/24 #允许的地址
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
auth users = zhaoyun #同步时用到的用户
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets #用户密码文件
[mysql] #模块2
path = /var/lib/mysql
comment = mysql data backup
read only = true
list = false
auth users = zhao
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets
#创建用户密码文件
[root@localhost ~]# echo zhaoyun:123456 > /etc/rsyncd.secrets
#欢迎信息
[root@localhost ~]# echo "欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据" > /etc/rsyncd.motd
修改配置文件权限,所有配置文件使用600的权限。
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.*
好了,服务端配置完成,重启服务,使配置生效。
[root@localhost ~]# service xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
客户端测试:
使用方法1:
[root@localhost-backup ~]#mkdir /backup-www
[root@localhost-backup ~]# rsync -av --progress zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
Password: 输入密码
receiving incremental file list
./
index.html
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=0/2)
sent 78 bytes received 192 bytes 77.14 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost-backup ~]# rsync -av --progress zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
Password: 输入密码
receiving incremental file list
./
index.html
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=0/2)
sent 78 bytes received 192 bytes 77.14 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# ls
index.html
使用方法2:
使用自动输入密码的方式
创建密码文件,权限需要改为600,否则不能生效。
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# echo 123456 >/etc/rsync.pass
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# rsync -av --progress --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
password file must not be other-accessible
continuing without password file
Password:
@ERROR: auth failed on module www
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [receiver=3.0.6]
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]#
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# rsync -av --progress --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
receiving incremental file list
./
index.html
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=0/2)
sent 78 bytes received 192 bytes 540.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# echo 123456 >/etc/rsync.pass
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# rsync -av --progress --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
password file must not be other-accessible
continuing without password file
Password:
@ERROR: auth failed on module www
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [receiver=3.0.6]
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]#
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# rsync -av --progress --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
receiving incremental file list
./
index.html
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=0/2)
sent 78 bytes received 192 bytes 540.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
如果要和服务端数据保证一致性,就需要使用下面的方式同步了。
测试:
使用方法3:
首先将服务端的index.html文件删除,再在客户端做测试。
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# rsync -av --delete --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
receiving incremental file list
deleting index.html 这里显示删除掉index.html文件。
sent 56 bytes received 131 bytes 374.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# ls #再查看文件已经没有了,因为在服务端已经删除了。
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]#
index.html
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# rsync -av --delete --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass zhaoyun@192.168.0.56::www /backup-www/
欢迎使用rsync软件同步数据
receiving incremental file list
deleting index.html 这里显示删除掉index.html文件。
sent 56 bytes received 131 bytes 374.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# ls #再查看文件已经没有了,因为在服务端已经删除了。
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]#
二、基于ssh同步,不用配置服务端。
1、 创建ssh信任,不需要密码认证,创建密钥对。
使用语法
rsync -av --delete zhaoyun@192.168.0.56:/var/www/html /backup-www/
rsync -Rav zhaoyun@192.168.0.56:/var/www/html /backup-www/
rsync -Rav -e 'ssh -p 2208' zhaoyun@192.168.0.1:/var/www/html /backup
rsync -Rav zhaoyun@192.168.0.56:/var/www/html /backup-www/
rsync -Rav -e 'ssh -p 2208' zhaoyun@192.168.0.1:/var/www/html /backup
三、使用任务计划实现自动同步
[root@localhost-backup backup-www]# crontab -e
*/10 * * * * rsync -az --delete zhaoyun@192.168.0.56:/var/www/html /backup-www/
*/10 * * * * rsync -az --delete zhaoyun@192.168.0.56:/var/www/html /backup-www/
本文转自zhaoyun00 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/zhaoyun/829443