Spring Cloud Netflix Ribbon核心接口

2021-12-20 03:12:46

LoadBalancerClient

主要职责

转化URI：将含应用名称URI转化成具体主机+端口形式
选择服务实例:通过负载算法，选择指定服务中的一台机器实例
请求执行回调：针对选择后服务实例，执行具体的请求回调操作
默认实现：RibbonLoadBalancerClient

自动装配源：RibbonAutoConfiguration#loadBalancerClient（...）

负载均衡器上下文

LoadBalancerContext

主要职责

转化URI：将含应用名称URI转化成具体主机+端口的形式
组件关联：关联RetryHandler、ILoadBalancer等
记录服务统计信息：记录请求响应时间、错误数量等
默认实现：RibbonLoadBalancerContext
自动装配源：RibbonClientConfiguration#ribbonLoadBalancerContext（...）

负载均衡器

ILoadBalancer

主要职责

增加服务器
获取服务器：通过关联Key获取、获取所有服务列表、获取可用服务器列表
服务器状态：标记服务器宕机
默认实现：ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
自动装配源：RibbonClientConfiguration#ribbonLoadBalancer（...）

规则接口

IRule

主要职责

选择服务器：根据负载均衡器以及关联Key获取候选的服务器
默认实现：ZoneAvoidanceRule
自动装配源：RibbonClientConfiguration#ribbonRule（...）

PING策略

IPing

主要职责

活动检测：根据指定的服务器，检测其是否活动
默认实现：DummyPing
自动装配源：RibbonClientConfiguration#ribbonPing（...）

服务器列表

ServerList

主要职责

获取初始化服务器列表
获取更新服务器列表
默认实现：ConfigurationBasedServerList或DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList
自动装配源：RibbonClientConfiguration#ribbonPing（...）

我的项目版本信息Maven配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <modules>
      <module>user-api</module>
   </modules>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-cloud-lesson-7</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>pom</packaging>
   <name>spring-cloud-lesson-7</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <properties>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

idea多工程配置

pom.xml文件中

然后删除之前src文件夹，然后new个项目，效果如图

三个模块：

user-api：公用 API
user-ribbon-client：客户端应用
user-service-provider：服务端应用

实现 user-robbon-client

配置信息
application.properties:

## 用户 Ribbon 客户端应用
spring.application.name = user-ribbon-client

## 服务端口
server.port = 8080

## 提供方服务名称
provider.service.name = user-service-provider
## 提供方服务主机
provider.service.host = localhost
## 提供方服务端口
provider.service.port = 9090

## 关闭 Eureka Client，显示地通过配置方式注册 Ribbon 服务地址
eureka.client.enabled = false

## 定义 user-service-provider Ribbon 的服务器地址
## 为 RibbonLoadBalancerClient 提供服务列表
user-service-provider.ribbon.listOfServers = \
  http://${provider.service.host}:${provider.service.port}

2.编写客户端调用

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.ribbon.client.web.controller;

import com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 用户 Ribbon Controller
 *
 */
@RestController
public class UserRibbonController {

    /**
     * 负载均衡器客户端
     */
    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @Value("${provider.service.name}")
    private String providerServiceName;


    @GetMapping("")
    public String index() throws IOException {

        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        user.setName("ssss");

        // 选择指定的 service Id
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose(providerServiceName);

        return loadBalancerClient.execute(providerServiceName, serviceInstance, instance -> {

            //服务器实例，获取 主机名（IP） 和 端口
            String host = instance.getHost();
            int port = instance.getPort();
            String url = "http://" + host + ":" + port + "/user/save";
            RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

            return restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);

        });

    }

}

3.编写引导类

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.ribbon.client;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;

/**
 * 引导类
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@RibbonClient("user-service-provider") // 指定目标应用名称
public class UserRibbonClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserRibbonClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

实现user-service-provider

1.配置信息
application.properties

## 用户服务提供方应用信息
spring.application.name = user-service-provider

## 服务端口
server.port = 9090

## 关闭 Eureka Client，显示地通过配置方式注册 Ribbon 服务地址
eureka.client.enabled = false

2.实现UserService

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.service.provider.service;

import com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.api.UserService;
import com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * 内存实现{@link UserService}
 *
 */
@Service
public class InMemoryUserService implements UserService {

    private Map<Long, User> repository = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    @Override
    public boolean saveUser(User user) {
        return repository.put(user.getId(), user) == null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findAll() {
        return new ArrayList(repository.values());
    }
}

3.实现Web服务

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.service.web.controller;

import com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.api.UserService;
import com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 用户服务提供方 Controller
 *
 */
@RestController
public class UserServiceProviderController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/user/save")
    public boolean user(@RequestBody User user){
        return userService.saveUser(user);
    }

}

4.编写引导类

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.service;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;

/**
 * 引导类
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserServiceProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

下面知识点是拓展源码练习，只做了解

分析调用链路
选择服务器逻辑
LoadBalancerClient（LoadBalancerClient） -> ILoadBalancer（ZoneAwareLoadBalancer） -> IRule (ZoneAvoidanceRule)

自定义实现IRule

扩展AbstractLoadBalancerRule:MyRule

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.ribbon.client.rule;

import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.ILoadBalancer;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 自定义{@link IRule} 实现，永远选择最后一台可达服务器
 *
 */
public class MyRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {

    @Override
    public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {

    }

    @Override
    public Server choose(Object key) {

        ILoadBalancer loadBalancer = getLoadBalancer();

        //获取所有可达服务器列表
        List<Server> servers = loadBalancer.getReachableServers();
        if (servers.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        // 永远选择最后一台可达服务器
        Server targetServer = servers.get(servers.size() - 1);
        return targetServer;
    }

}

将MyRule暴露成Bean
通过ribbonClientConfiguration学习源码

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public IRule ribbonRule(IClientConfig config) {
   if (this.propertiesFactory.isSet(IRule.class, name)) {
      return this.propertiesFactory.get(IRule.class, config, name);
   }
   ZoneAvoidanceRule rule = new ZoneAvoidanceRule();
   rule.initWithNiwsConfig(config);
   return rule;
}

然后将其暴露成Bean

/**
 * 将 {@link MyRule} 暴露成 {@link Bean}
 *
 * @return {@link MyRule}
 */
@Bean
public IRule myRule() {
    return new MyRule();
}

配置化实现组件
通过学习PropertiesFactory源码

public PropertiesFactory() {
        classToProperty.put(ILoadBalancer.class, "NFLoadBalancerClassName");
        classToProperty.put(IPing.class, "NFLoadBalancerPingClassName");
        classToProperty.put(IRule.class, "NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName");
        classToProperty.put(ServerList.class, "NIWSServerListClassName");
        classToProperty.put(ServerListFilter.class, "NIWSServerListFilterClassName");
    }

可知NFLoadBalancerClassName等是可以配置的
实现IPing：MyPing

package com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.ribbon.client.ping;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IPing;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;

import java.net.URI;

/**
 * 实现 {@link IPing} 接口：检查对象 /health 是否正常状态码:200
 *
 */
public class MyPing implements IPing {

    @Override
    public boolean isAlive(Server server) {

        String host = server.getHost();
        int port = server.getPort();
        // /health endpoint
        // 通过 Spring 组件来实现URL 拼装
        UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance();
        builder.scheme("http");
        builder.host(host);
        builder.port(port);
        builder.path("/health");
        URI uri = builder.build().toUri();

        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

        ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, String.class);
        // 当响应状态等于 200 时，返回 true ，否则 false
        return HttpStatus.OK.equals(responseEntity.getStatusCode());
    }
    
}

增加配置
application.properties

## 扩展 IPing 实现
user-service-provider.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerPingClassName = \
  com.segumentfault.spring.cloud.lesson7.user.ribbon.client.ping.MyPing

码农公寓

LoadBalancerClient

负载均衡器上下文

LoadBalancerContext

负载均衡器

ILoadBalancer

规则接口

IRule

PING策略

IPing

服务器列表

ServerList

我的项目版本信息Maven配置

idea多工程配置

实现 user-robbon-client

实现user-service-provider

自定义实现IRule

相关文章