最近做项目要解析手机中短信，获取短信有两种方式：一种是通过广播另一种就是通过数据库，由于项目需要我选择的是第二种方式，检索数据库来获取短信信息并且进行解析指定内容的短信。
在做任何一个新的功能的时候，我们首先查阅一下相关的知识，然后看看有没有相关的demo，最后建议反过来看Android应用层源码，看看它里面的一些常量的定义，建议使用高版本的api,你不一定能够使用它，但是它会给你指出一些思路，就拿短信这个功能为例：
既然我们要获取短信的信息，那就要只要它的各个组成部分，我们进入到android.jar里面中的android.provider.Telephony，我们可以看到Sms的相关的属性。如果你调用这里面的内容的话，会提示Field requires API level 19 (current min is )，但是这并不妨碍我们去模仿他， 我的需要是要检索收件箱，所以搜索数据库的时候，我只需要搜索收件箱里面的短信，在Telephony中TextBasedSmsColumns接口里面Message type根据需要我选择的是MESSAGE_TYPE_INBOX，接下来我们看一下Sms这个接口：
/**
* Contains all text-based SMS messages.
*/
public static final class Sms implements BaseColumns, TextBasedSmsColumns {
/**
* Not instantiable.
* @hide
*/
private Sms() {
}
/**
* Used to determine the currently configured default SMS package.
* @param context context of the requesting application
* @return package name for the default SMS package or null
*/
public static String getDefaultSmsPackage(Context context) {
ComponentName component = SmsApplication.getDefaultSmsApplication(context, false);
if (component != null) {
return component.getPackageName();
}
return null;
}
/**
* Return cursor for table query.
* @hide
*/
public static Cursor query(ContentResolver cr, String[] projection) {
return cr.query(CONTENT_URI, projection, null, null, DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
}
/**
* Return cursor for table query.
* @hide
*/
public static Cursor query(ContentResolver cr, String[] projection,
String where, String orderBy) {
return cr.query(CONTENT_URI, projection, where,
null, orderBy == null ? DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER : orderBy);
}
/**
* The {@code content://} style URL for this table.
*/
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://sms");
/**
* The default sort order for this table.
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "date DESC";
/**
* Add an SMS to the given URI.
*
* @param resolver the content resolver to use
* @param uri the URI to add the message to
* @param address the address of the sender
* @param body the body of the message
* @param subject the pseudo-subject of the message
* @param date the timestamp for the message
* @param read true if the message has been read, false if not
* @param deliveryReport true if a delivery report was requested, false if not
* @return the URI for the new message
* @hide
*/
public static Uri addMessageToUri(ContentResolver resolver,
Uri uri, String address, String body, String subject,
Long date, boolean read, boolean deliveryReport) {
return addMessageToUri(resolver, uri, address, body, subject,
date, read, deliveryReport, -1L);
}
/**
* Add an SMS to the given URI with the specified thread ID.
*
* @param resolver the content resolver to use
* @param uri the URI to add the message to
* @param address the address of the sender
* @param body the body of the message
* @param subject the pseudo-subject of the message
* @param date the timestamp for the message
* @param read true if the message has been read, false if not
* @param deliveryReport true if a delivery report was requested, false if not
* @param threadId the thread_id of the message
* @return the URI for the new message
* @hide
*/
public static Uri addMessageToUri(ContentResolver resolver,
Uri uri, String address, String body, String subject,
Long date, boolean read, boolean deliveryReport, long threadId) {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues(7);
values.put(ADDRESS, address);
if (date != null) {
values.put(DATE, date);
}
values.put(READ, read ? Integer.valueOf(1) : Integer.valueOf(0));
values.put(SUBJECT, subject);
values.put(BODY, body);
if (deliveryReport) {
values.put(STATUS, STATUS_PENDING);
}
if (threadId != -1L) {
values.put(THREAD_ID, threadId);
}
return resolver.insert(uri, values);
}
/**
* Move a message to the given folder.
*
* @param context the context to use
* @param uri the message to move
* @param folder the folder to move to
* @return true if the operation succeeded
* @hide
*/
public static boolean moveMessageToFolder(Context context,
Uri uri, int folder, int error) {
if (uri == null) {
return false;
}
boolean markAsUnread = false;
boolean markAsRead = false;
switch(folder) {
case MESSAGE_TYPE_INBOX:
case MESSAGE_TYPE_DRAFT:
break;
case MESSAGE_TYPE_OUTBOX:
case MESSAGE_TYPE_SENT:
markAsRead = true;
break;
case MESSAGE_TYPE_FAILED:
case MESSAGE_TYPE_QUEUED:
markAsUnread = true;
break;
default:
return false;
}
ContentValues values = new ContentValues(3);
values.put(TYPE, folder);
if (markAsUnread) {
values.put(READ, 0);
} else if (markAsRead) {
values.put(READ, 1);
}
values.put(ERROR_CODE, error);
return 1 == SqliteWrapper.update(context, context.getContentResolver(),
uri, values, null, null);
}
/**
* Returns true iff the folder (message type) identifies an
* outgoing message.
* @hide
*/
public static boolean isOutgoingFolder(int messageType) {
return (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_FAILED)
|| (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_OUTBOX)
|| (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_SENT)
|| (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_QUEUED);
}
里面给出了查询功能和添加功能，由于我只需要查询功能，但是里面public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://sms");说明查询的是所有的短信，而我只要查询收件箱里面的，所以上面这就话改成public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://sms/inbox");把Sms和TextBasedSmsColumns接口的内容拷贝出来分别放在两个接口里面命名自己设置，而Sms里面会有一些报错，有些我们引用了系统不开放的方法，把不相关的代码进行删除，整理后的代码如下：
package com.jwzhangjie.smarttv_client.support.sms1;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
public final class Sms implements BaseColumns, TextBasedSmsColumns{
/**
* Not instantiable.
* @hide
*/
private Sms() {
}
/**
* Return cursor for table query.
* @hide
*/
public static Cursor query(ContentResolver cr, String[] projection) {
return cr.query(CONTENT_URI, projection, null, null, DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
}
/**
* Return cursor for table query.
* @hide
*/
public static Cursor query(ContentResolver cr, String[] projection,
String where, String orderBy) {
return cr.query(CONTENT_URI, projection, where,
null, orderBy == null ? DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER : orderBy);
}
/**
* The {@code content://} style URL for this table.
*/
// public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://sms");
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://sms/inbox");
/**
* The default sort order for this table.
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "date DESC";
/**
* Add an SMS to the given URI.
*
* @param resolver the content resolver to use
* @param uri the URI to add the message to
* @param address the address of the sender
* @param body the body of the message
* @param subject the pseudo-subject of the message
* @param date the timestamp for the message
* @param read true if the message has been read, false if not
* @param deliveryReport true if a delivery report was requested, false if not
* @return the URI for the new message
* @hide
*/
public static Uri addMessageToUri(ContentResolver resolver,
Uri uri, String address, String body, String subject,
Long date, boolean read, boolean deliveryReport) {
return addMessageToUri(resolver, uri, address, body, subject,
date, read, deliveryReport, -1L);
}
/**
* Add an SMS to the given URI with the specified thread ID.
*
* @param resolver the content resolver to use
* @param uri the URI to add the message to
* @param address the address of the sender
* @param body the body of the message
* @param subject the pseudo-subject of the message
* @param date the timestamp for the message
* @param read true if the message has been read, false if not
* @param deliveryReport true if a delivery report was requested, false if not
* @param threadId the thread_id of the message
* @return the URI for the new message
* @hide
*/
public static Uri addMessageToUri(ContentResolver resolver,
Uri uri, String address, String body, String subject,
Long date, boolean read, boolean deliveryReport, long threadId) {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues(7);
values.put(ADDRESS, address);
if (date != null) {
values.put(DATE, date);
}
values.put(READ, read ? Integer.valueOf(1) : Integer.valueOf(0));
values.put(SUBJECT, subject);
values.put(BODY, body);
if (deliveryReport) {
values.put(STATUS, STATUS_PENDING);
}
if (threadId != -1L) {
values.put(THREAD_ID, threadId);
}
return resolver.insert(uri, values);
}
/**
* Returns true iff the folder (message type) identifies an
* outgoing message.
* @hide
*/
public static boolean isOutgoingFolder(int messageType) {
return (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_FAILED)
|| (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_OUTBOX)
|| (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_SENT)
|| (messageType == MESSAGE_TYPE_QUEUED);
}
}
上面的代码不会有错误，查询功能有了之后，我们还要写一个保存查询出来的内容的类，根据自己的项目编写，例如：
package com.jwzhangjie.smarttv_client.support.sms1;
/**
* 数据库中sms相关的字段如下：
_id 一个自增字段，从1开始
thread_id 序号，同一发信人的id相同
address 发件人手机号码
person 联系人列表里的序号，陌生人为null
date 发件日期
protocol 协议，分为： 0 SMS_RPOTO, 1 MMS_PROTO
read 是否阅读 0未读， 1已读
status 状态 -1接收，0 complete, 64 pending, 128 failed
type
ALL = 0;
INBOX = 1;
SENT = 2;
DRAFT = 3;
OUTBOX = 4;
FAILED = 5;
QUEUED = 6;
body 短信内容
service_center 短信服务中心号码编号
subject 短信的主题
reply_path_present TP-Reply-Path
locked
*/
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
/**
* 保存短息信息
* @author jwzhangjie
*
*/
public class SMSInfo implements Parcelable{
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
/**
* 短信序号
*/
private long id;
/**
* 协议 0：SMS_PROTO 短信 1：MMS_PROTO彩信
*/
private int protocol;
/**
* 短信内容
*/
private String smsBody;
/**
* 发送短息的电话号码
*/
private String smsPhoneNum;
/**
* 发送短信的日期和时间
*/
private String smsDateTime;
/**
* 发送短信人
*/
private String smsSender;
/**
* 短信类型：1是接收到的 2是已发送的
*/
private int smsType;
public SMSInfo(){
}
private SMSInfo(Parcel source){
readFromParcel(source);
}
public void readFromParcel(Parcel source){
id = source.readLong();
protocol = source.readInt();
smsBody = source.readString();
smsPhoneNum = source.readString();
smsDateTime = source.readString();
smsSender = source.readString();
smsType = source.readInt();
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeLong(id);
dest.writeInt(protocol);
dest.writeString(smsBody);
dest.writeString(smsPhoneNum);
dest.writeString(smsDateTime);
dest.writeString(smsSender);
dest.writeInt(smsType);
}
public static Creator<SMSInfo> CREATOR = new Creator<SMSInfo>() {
@Override
public SMSInfo createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
return new SMSInfo(source);
}
@Override
public SMSInfo[] newArray(int size) {
return new SMSInfo[size];
}
};
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.append("id :"+id+" 协议："+protocol+" 内容："+smsBody);
return builder.toString();
}
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getProtocol() {
return protocol;
}
public void setProtocol(int protocol) {
this.protocol = protocol;
}
public String getSmsBody() {
return smsBody;
}
public void setSmsBody(String smsBody) {
this.smsBody = smsBody;
}
public String getSmsPhoneNum() {
return smsPhoneNum;
}
public void setSmsPhoneNum(String smsPhoneNum) {
this.smsPhoneNum = smsPhoneNum;
}
public String getSmsDateTime() {
return smsDateTime;
}
public void setSmsDateTime(String smsDateTime) {
this.smsDateTime = smsDateTime;
}
public String getSmsSender() {
return smsSender;
}
public void setSmsSender(String smsSender) {
this.smsSender = smsSender;
}
public int getSmsType() {
return smsType;
}
public void setSmsType(int smsType) {
this.smsType = smsType;
}
}
接下来就是获取数据库内容，我们先看一下查询数据库的方法：
/**
* Return cursor for table query.
* @hide
*/
public static Cursor query(ContentResolver cr, String[] projection,
String where, String orderBy) {
return cr.query(CONTENT_URI, projection, where,
null, orderBy == null ? DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER : orderBy);
}
CONTENT_URI：就是我们上面定义的public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://sms/inbox");
projection：这个可以是null,那就是把所有的列都获取出来，不过不必，你需要什么就获取什么，不然既浪费时间又浪费内存
where：查询条件
orderBy：排序
package com.jwzhangjie.smarttv_client.support.sms1;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
public class GetSMSInfo {
private ContentResolver mResolver;
private Context context;
private List<SMSInfo> infos;
private static final String[] PROJECTION = new String[]{
Sms._ID,//0:作为一个标志位，记录最后一个，作为下一次扫描的第一个
Sms.TYPE,//1：收还是发
Sms.ADDRESS,//2手机号
Sms.BODY,//3内容
Sms.DATE,//4日期
Sms.PROTOCOL//5协议
};
public static final int COLUMN_INDEX_ID = 0;
public static final int COLUMN_INDEX_TYPE = 1;
public static final int COLUMN_INDEX_PHONE = 2;
public static final int COLUMN_INDEX_BODY = 3;
public static final int COLUMN_INDEX_DATE = 4;
public static final int COLUMN_INDEX_PROTOCOL = 5;
public GetSMSInfo(Context context){
this.infos = new ArrayList<SMSInfo>();
this.mResolver = context.getContentResolver();
this.context = context;
}
/**
* 获取短信各种信息
*/
public List<SMSInfo> getSmsInfo(){
//获取上一次检索的最后一个ID
long last_sms_id = UPSharedPreferences.getLong(context, "card", "last_sms_id", 0);
Cursor cursor = Sms.query(mResolver, PROJECTION, "_id >" + last_sms_id, "_id");
int protocol;
String body, date;
if (cursor != null) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
last_sms_id = cursor.getLong(COLUMN_INDEX_ID);
body = cursor.getString(COLUMN_INDEX_BODY);
date = cursor.getString(COLUMN_INDEX_DATE);
protocol = cursor.getInt(COLUMN_INDEX_PROTOCOL);
if (protocol == 0) {//收信息
SMSInfo info = new SMSInfo();
info.setId(last_sms_id);
info.setSmsBody(body);
info.setSmsDateTime(date);
infos.add(info);
}
}
cursor.close();
}
//保存当前最新的ID
UPSharedPreferences.setLong(context, "card", "last_sms_id", last_sms_id);
return infos;
}
}读取得所有符合条件的短信都放在List<SMSInfo>里面，然后我们最后解析条件一个一个解析，这个涉及一些私人信息，就不显示效果了。