springmvc项目搭建

2023-09-27 18:46:16

文章目录

一、基于xml的SpringMVC

  1. 创建Maven项目

  2. Add Framework Support > Web Application

  3. 添加pom依赖

    <dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

  4. 编写web.xml配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联springmvc的配置文件-->
        <!--此配置项可以不添加，可以将配置文件放在WEB-INF目录下，文件名必须是(DispatcherServlet的servlet-name)-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <!--匹配servlet的请求，/标识匹配所有请求-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--/*和/都是拦截所有请求，/会拦截的请求不包含*.jsp,而/*的范围更大，还会拦截*.jsp这些请求-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

  5. 创建applicationContext.xml文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="hello" class="com.controller.HelloController"></bean>
</beans>

  6. 添加jsp-api、servlet-api依赖

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jsp-api -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

  7. 创建HelloController.java

    package com.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * com.controller
 *
 * @author sjh
 * @version 1.0v
 *
 * y
 */
public class HelloController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //创建对象
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //添加视图名称，要跳转的前端页面名称
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        //向前端页面添加的属性值
        mv.addObject("test", "test hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

  8. WEB-INF目录下创建page/hello.jsp

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
springmvc helloworld
${test}
</body>
</html>

  9. 此时访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_helloworld_war_exploded/hello异常
    springmvc项目搭建
    project structure > artifacts，选择WEB-INF > create directory，创建lib目录
    springmvc项目搭建
    重新运行，访问报错500，但实际HelloController的代码已经执行，故此时需要配置视图解析器。

  10. applicationContext.xml中配置视图解析器

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <!--配置前缀-->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"></property>
    <!--配置后缀-->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
    <bean id="hello" class="com.controller.HelloController"></bean>
</beans>

    此时访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_helloworld_war_exploded/hello正常。

二、基于注解的SpringMVC

  1. pom.xml
    <dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>
  2. web.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联springmvc的配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <!--匹配servlet的请求，/标识匹配所有请求-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--/*和/都是拦截所有请求，/会拦截的请求不包含*.jsp,而/*的范围更大，还会拦截*.jsp这些请求-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
  3. applicatinContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com"></context:component-scan>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"></property>
        <!--配置后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
  4. HelloController.java
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * com.controller
 * @version 1.0v
 *
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    /*
     * @RequestMapping就是用来标识此方法用来处理什么请求，其中的/可以取消
     * 取消后默认也是从当前项目的根目录开始查找，一般在编写的时候看个人习惯
     * 同时，@RequestMapping也可以用来加在类上，
     * */
    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String hello(Map<String, String> map) {
        map.put("test", "test springmvc hello annotation");
        return "hello";
    }
}

三、tomcat的web.xml与WEB-INF下的web.xml

  1. tomcat的web.xml核心配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
  version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>debug</param-name>
            <param-value>0</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>listings</param-name>
            <param-value>false</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>fork</param-name>
            <param-value>false</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
            <param-value>false</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- The mapping for the default servlet -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- The mappings for the JSP servlet -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
        <url-pattern>*.jspx</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- ==================== Default Session Configuration ================= -->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
  
  <!-- ==================== Default Welcome File List ===================== -->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

  2. WEB-INF的web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联springmvc的配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <!--匹配servlet的请求，/标识匹配所有请求-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--/*和/都是拦截所有请求，/会拦截的请求不包含*.jsp,而/*的范围更大，还会拦截*.jsp这些请求-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

  3. DispatcherServlet的url-pattern的配置
    每个项目下的web.xml会继承tomcat的web.xml，tomcat的web.xml中的defaultServlet和jspServlet分别处理静态资源请求和jsp请求。
    DispatcherServlet的url-pattern配置/时会覆盖tomcat的defaultServlet，此时就不能访问webapp下的静态资源了，所有的非jsp请求均会由DispatcherServlet进行处理；/*会覆盖defaultServlet和jspServlet，此时jsp请求不会交由tomcat的jspServlet进行处理，而是交由DispatcherServlet进行处理

    项目结构如下：
    springmvc项目搭建
    配置/时：
    http://localhost:8080/springmvc_hello_annotation_war_exploded/test.jsp 正常访问
    http://localhost:8080/springmvc_hello_annotation_war_exploded/test.html 访问异常404
    那如何解决这个问题呢？可以在WEB-INF的web.xml中配置defaultServlet

    配置/*时：
    http://localhost:8080/springmvc_hello_annotation_war_exploded/test.jsp 访问异常404
    http://localhost:8080/springmvc_hello_annotation_war_exploded/test.html 访问异常404

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