微信公众平台 java示例 接收消息并回复

2023-10-21 16:43:52

最近公司在开发微信项目，所以自己也试着申请了个人的订阅服务号，实现了通过微信接收信息转发至java后台解析并回复的消息的简单功能，在还没忘记的时候记录一下，以便日后查阅，并且贡献出代码希望能给大家一个参考。

好首先你要看下面的示例，要事先申请微信公众平台的订阅服务号(个人只能申请这个)，地址https://mp.weixin.qq.com ，申请的范例我这里就不讲了，一般根据提示可以自行完成，如果这都完成不了，那只能去度娘翻翻了。

要想让用户发送给公众帐号的消息转发给java后台服务器，首先要 在开发者中心 进行 服务器配置 ，

下图为认证启动后小效果：

微信公众平台 java示例 接收消息并回复

你要先进入到 修改配置里面，如下图：

微信公众平台 java示例 接收消息并回复

你要填写这几个文本框内的内容，

1.URL 不用解释了,就是微信将用户发来的消息转发到你服务器的请求的地址，我让微信把请求发送到本地服务这样方便调试。

推荐一款反向代理的工具 pagekite.net ，感兴趣的朋友可以去搜索一下。使用相当方便，就是需要python2.7.x环境支持，然后运行下载的一个脚本，输入你的邮箱，然后在输入你要设置的域名前缀，就搞定，下次运行就不用在输入，它影射的是本地80端口，所以你启动服务的时候记得改成80端口就对了，还有这个貌似对于一个邮箱只有31天和5个连接的限制，PS:邮箱这东西都是免费的，你懂的。

2.Token:这个长度符合就行 自己随意

3.EncodingAESKey：点击随机生成 就OK


下面介绍我的代码：

我的开发环境是eclipse+springMvc

"/chat" 是我最终项目的请求Controller URL路径

下面是homecontroller

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/*")
public class HomeController {

	private String Token = "123456789abcdef";

	@RequestMapping(value = "chat", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })
	@ResponseBody
	public void liaotian(Model model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		System.out.println("进入chat");
		boolean isGet = request.getMethod().toLowerCase().equals("get");
		if (isGet) {
			String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
			String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
			String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
			String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
			System.out.println(signature);
			System.out.println(timestamp);
			System.out.println(nonce);
			System.out.println(echostr);
			access(request, response);
		} else {
			// 进入POST聊天处理
			System.out.println("enter post");
			try {
				// 接收消息并返回消息
				acceptMessage(request, response);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 验证URL真实性
	 * 
	 * @author morning
	 * @date 2015年2月17日 上午10:53:07
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 * @return String
	 */
	private String access(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		// 验证URL真实性
		System.out.println("进入验证access");
		String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名
		String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳
		String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数
		String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串
		List<String> params = new ArrayList<String>();
		params.add(Token);
		params.add(timestamp);
		params.add(nonce);
		// 1. 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
		Collections.sort(params, new Comparator<String>() {
			@Override
			public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
				return o1.compareTo(o2);
			}
		});
		// 2. 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
		String temp = SHA1.encode(params.get(0) + params.get(1) + params.get(2));
		if (temp.equals(signature)) {
			try {
				response.getWriter().write(echostr);
				System.out.println("成功返回 echostr：" + echostr);
				return echostr;
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		System.out.println("失败 认证");
		return null;
	}

	private void acceptMessage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
		// 处理接收消息
		ServletInputStream in = request.getInputStream();
		// 将POST流转换为XStream对象
		XStream xs = SerializeXmlUtil.createXstream();
		xs.processAnnotations(InputMessage.class);
		xs.processAnnotations(OutputMessage.class);
		// 将指定节点下的xml节点数据映射为对象
		xs.alias("xml", InputMessage.class);
		// 将流转换为字符串
		StringBuilder xmlMsg = new StringBuilder();
		byte[] b = new byte[4096];
		for (int n; (n = in.read(b)) != -1;) {
			xmlMsg.append(new String(b, 0, n, "UTF-8"));
		}
		// 将xml内容转换为InputMessage对象
		InputMessage inputMsg = (InputMessage) xs.fromXML(xmlMsg.toString());

		String servername = inputMsg.getToUserName();// 服务端
		String custermname = inputMsg.getFromUserName();// 客户端
		long createTime = inputMsg.getCreateTime();// 接收时间
		Long returnTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis() / 1000;// 返回时间

		// 取得消息类型
		String msgType = inputMsg.getMsgType();
		// 根据消息类型获取对应的消息内容
		if (msgType.equals(MsgType.Text.toString())) {
			// 文本消息
			System.out.println("开发者微信号：" + inputMsg.getToUserName());
			System.out.println("发送方帐号：" + inputMsg.getFromUserName());
			System.out.println("消息创建时间：" + inputMsg.getCreateTime() + new Date(createTime * 1000l));
			System.out.println("消息内容：" + inputMsg.getContent());
			System.out.println("消息Id：" + inputMsg.getMsgId());

			StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
			str.append("<xml>");
			str.append("<ToUserName><![CDATA[" + custermname + "]]></ToUserName>");
			str.append("<FromUserName><![CDATA[" + servername + "]]></FromUserName>");
			str.append("<CreateTime>" + returnTime + "</CreateTime>");
			str.append("<MsgType><![CDATA[" + msgType + "]]></MsgType>");
			str.append("<Content><![CDATA[你说的是：" + inputMsg.getContent() + "，吗？]]></Content>");
			str.append("</xml>");
			System.out.println(str.toString());
			response.getWriter().write(str.toString());
		}
		// 获取并返回多图片消息
		if (msgType.equals(MsgType.Image.toString())) {
			System.out.println("获取多媒体信息");
			System.out.println("多媒体文件id：" + inputMsg.getMediaId());
			System.out.println("图片链接：" + inputMsg.getPicUrl());
			System.out.println("消息id，64位整型：" + inputMsg.getMsgId());

			OutputMessage outputMsg = new OutputMessage();
			outputMsg.setFromUserName(servername);
			outputMsg.setToUserName(custermname);
			outputMsg.setCreateTime(returnTime);
			outputMsg.setMsgType(msgType);
			ImageMessage images = new ImageMessage();
			images.setMediaId(inputMsg.getMediaId());
			outputMsg.setImage(images);
			System.out.println("xml转换：/n" + xs.toXML(outputMsg));
			response.getWriter().write(xs.toXML(outputMsg));

		}
	}

}

加密SHA1，此代码是来自网上 

/*
 * 微信公众平台(JAVA) SDK
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014, Ansitech Network Technology Co.,Ltd All rights reserved.
 * http://www.ansitech.com/weixin/sdk/
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.mor.util;

import java.security.MessageDigest;

/**
 * <p>
 * Title: SHA1算法
 * </p>
 * 
 */
public final class SHA1 {

	private static final char[] HEX_DIGITS = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };

	/**
	 * Takes the raw bytes from the digest and formats them correct.
	 * 
	 * @param bytes
	 *            the raw bytes from the digest.
	 * @return the formatted bytes.
	 */
	private static String getFormattedText(byte[] bytes) {
		int len = bytes.length;
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(len * 2);
		// 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式
		for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
			buf.append(HEX_DIGITS[(bytes[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]);
			buf.append(HEX_DIGITS[bytes[j] & 0x0f]);
		}
		return buf.toString();
	}

	public static String encode(String str) {
		if (str == null) {
			return null;
		}
		try {
			MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
			messageDigest.update(str.getBytes());
			return getFormattedText(messageDigest.digest());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
	}
}

输入信息实体类 InputMessage  

<pre name="code" class="java">/*
 * 微信公众平台(JAVA) SDK
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014, Ansitech Network Technology Co.,Ltd All rights reserved.
 * http://www.ansitech.com/weixin/sdk/
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

/**
 * POST的XML数据包转换为消息接受对象
 * 
 * <p>
 * 由于POST的是XML数据包，所以不确定为哪种接受消息，<br/>
 * 所以直接将所有字段都进行转换，最后根据<tt>MsgType</tt>字段来判断取何种数据
 * </p>
 * 
 */
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class InputMessage implements Serializable {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	@XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
	private String ToUserName;
	@XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
	private String FromUserName;
	@XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
	private Long CreateTime;
	@XStreamAlias("MsgType")
	private String MsgType = "text";
	@XStreamAlias("MsgId")
	private Long MsgId;
	// 文本消息
	@XStreamAlias("Content")
	private String Content;
	// 图片消息
	@XStreamAlias("PicUrl")
	private String PicUrl;
	// 位置消息
	@XStreamAlias("LocationX")
	private String LocationX;
	@XStreamAlias("LocationY")
	private String LocationY;
	@XStreamAlias("Scale")
	private Long Scale;
	@XStreamAlias("Label")
	private String Label;
	// 链接消息
	@XStreamAlias("Title")
	private String Title;
	@XStreamAlias("Description")
	private String Description;
	@XStreamAlias("Url")
	private String URL;
	// 语音信息
	@XStreamAlias("MediaId")
	private String MediaId;
	@XStreamAlias("Format")
	private String Format;
	@XStreamAlias("Recognition")
	private String Recognition;
	// 事件
	@XStreamAlias("Event")
	private String Event;
	@XStreamAlias("EventKey")
	private String EventKey;
	@XStreamAlias("Ticket")
	private String Ticket;

	public String getToUserName() {
		return ToUserName;
	}

	public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
		ToUserName = toUserName;
	}

	public String getFromUserName() {
		return FromUserName;
	}

	public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
		FromUserName = fromUserName;
	}

	public Long getCreateTime() {
		return CreateTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Long createTime) {
		CreateTime = createTime;
	}

	public String getMsgType() {
		return MsgType;
	}

	public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
		MsgType = msgType;
	}

	public Long getMsgId() {
		return MsgId;
	}

	public void setMsgId(Long msgId) {
		MsgId = msgId;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return Content;
	}

	public void setContent(String content) {
		Content = content;
	}

	public String getPicUrl() {
		return PicUrl;
	}

	public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
		PicUrl = picUrl;
	}

	public String getLocationX() {
		return LocationX;
	}

	public void setLocationX(String locationX) {
		LocationX = locationX;
	}

	public String getLocationY() {
		return LocationY;
	}

	public void setLocationY(String locationY) {
		LocationY = locationY;
	}

	public Long getScale() {
		return Scale;
	}

	public void setScale(Long scale) {
		Scale = scale;
	}

	public String getLabel() {
		return Label;
	}

	public void setLabel(String label) {
		Label = label;
	}

	public String getTitle() {
		return Title;
	}

	public void setTitle(String title) {
		Title = title;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return Description;
	}

	public void setDescription(String description) {
		Description = description;
	}

	public String getURL() {
		return URL;
	}

	public void setURL(String uRL) {
		URL = uRL;
	}

	public String getEvent() {
		return Event;
	}

	public void setEvent(String event) {
		Event = event;
	}

	public String getEventKey() {
		return EventKey;
	}

	public void setEventKey(String eventKey) {
		EventKey = eventKey;
	}

	public String getMediaId() {
		return MediaId;
	}

	public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
		MediaId = mediaId;
	}

	public String getFormat() {
		return Format;
	}

	public void setFormat(String format) {
		Format = format;
	}

	public String getRecognition() {
		return Recognition;
	}

	public void setRecognition(String recognition) {
		Recognition = recognition;
	}

	public String getTicket() {
		return Ticket;
	}

	public void setTicket(String ticket) {
		Ticket = ticket;
	}
}




为了加入 CDATA 验证创建的@interface类





package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD })
public @interface XStreamCDATA {

}



改写的XStream工具类





package com.mor.util;

import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model.XStreamCDATA;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;

/**
 * xml 转换工具类
 * 
 * @author morning
 * @date 2015年2月16日 下午2:42:50
 */
public class SerializeXmlUtil {

	public static XStream createXstream() {
		return new XStream(new XppDriver() {
			@Override
			public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out) {
				return new PrettyPrintWriter(out) {
					boolean cdata = false;
					Class<?> targetClass = null;

					@Override
					public void startNode(String name, @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") Class clazz) {
						super.startNode(name, clazz);
						// 业务处理，对于用XStreamCDATA标记的Field，需要加上CDATA标签
						if (!name.equals("xml")) {
							cdata = needCDATA(targetClass, name);
						} else {
							targetClass = clazz;
						}
					}

					@Override
					protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer, String text) {
						if (cdata) {
							writer.write("<![CDATA[");
							writer.write(text);
							writer.write("]]>");
						} else {
							writer.write(text);
						}
					}
				};
			}
		});
	}

	private static boolean needCDATA(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldAlias) {
		boolean cdata = false;
		// first, scan self
		cdata = existsCDATA(targetClass, fieldAlias);
		if (cdata)
			return cdata;
		// if cdata is false, scan supperClass until java.lang.Object
		Class<?> superClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
		while (!superClass.equals(Object.class)) {
			cdata = existsCDATA(superClass, fieldAlias);
			if (cdata)
				return cdata;
			superClass = superClass.getClass().getSuperclass();
		}
		return false;
	}

	private static boolean existsCDATA(Class<?> clazz, String fieldAlias) {
		if ("MediaId".equals(fieldAlias)) {
			return true; // 特例添加 morning99
		}
		// scan fields
		Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
		for (Field field : fields) {
			// 1. exists XStreamCDATA
			if (field.getAnnotation(XStreamCDATA.class) != null) {
				XStreamAlias xStreamAlias = field.getAnnotation(XStreamAlias.class);
				// 2. exists XStreamAlias
				if (null != xStreamAlias) {
					if (fieldAlias.equals(xStreamAlias.value()))// matched
						return true;
				} else {// not exists XStreamAlias
					if (fieldAlias.equals(field.getName()))
						return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

}




输出实体类 OutputMessage 





package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

/**
 * 
 * @author morning
 * @date 2015年2月16日 下午2:29:32
 */
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class OutputMessage {

	@XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
	@XStreamCDATA
	private String ToUserName;

	@XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
	@XStreamCDATA
	private String FromUserName;

	@XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
	private Long CreateTime;

	@XStreamAlias("MsgType")
	@XStreamCDATA
	private String MsgType = "text";

	private ImageMessage Image;

	public String getToUserName() {
		return ToUserName;
	}

	public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
		ToUserName = toUserName;
	}

	public String getFromUserName() {
		return FromUserName;
	}

	public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
		FromUserName = fromUserName;
	}

	public Long getCreateTime() {
		return CreateTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Long createTime) {
		CreateTime = createTime;
	}

	public String getMsgType() {
		return MsgType;
	}

	public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
		MsgType = msgType;
	}

	public ImageMessage getImage() {
		return Image;
	}

	public void setImage(ImageMessage image) {
		Image = image;
	}

}




图片信息实体类





package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

@XStreamAlias("Image")
public class ImageMessage extends MediaIdMessage {
}



多媒体id 实体类





package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

public class MediaIdMessage {
	@XStreamAlias("MediaId")
	@XStreamCDATA
	private String MediaId;

	public String getMediaId() {
		return MediaId;
	}

	public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
		MediaId = mediaId;
	}

}






基本就这些类，也不知道拷贝全没有。


不过在输出xml的时候由于要添加CDATA标签所以没有实现完美，目前自己在SerializeXmlUtil 内添加了一下判断


微信公众平台 java示例 接收消息并回复


如果是子标签下的值目前只能用这种方法加CDATA，不知道各位同学有没有好的方法。


目前只是实现了服务器认证，接收文本信息并回复原文本信息加上些附加信息，接收图片信息并返回原图片信息。


后期会有扩展，先记录到此。





微信公众平台 java示例 接收消息并回复
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