Linux云自动化运维第三课
一、正则表达式
1.匹配符
* ###匹配0到任意字符
? ###匹配单个字符
[[:alpha:]] ###匹配单个字母
[[:lower:]] ###匹配单个小写字母
[[:upper:]] ###匹配单个大写字母
[[:digit:]] ###匹配单个数字
[[:alnum:]] ###匹配单个数字或字母
[[:punct:]] ###匹配单个符号
[[:space:]] ###匹配单个空格
eg:[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1..2}{a..b} ###新建文件class*
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1..2}{A..B}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{a..b}{A..B}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
class1a class1b class2a class2b classaA classbA
class1A class1B class2A class2B classaB classbB
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr * ###*0到匹配任意字符，删除所有文件
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###目录列表为空，class*文件都被删除
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1..2}{a..b}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1..2}{A..B}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{a..b}{A..B}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
class1a class1b class2a class2b classaA classbA
class1A class1B class2A class2B classaB classbB
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class?A ###?匹配单个字符，删除文件class?A文件，第6个字符为任意字符
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###class{1..2}A,class{a..b}A文件被删除
class1a class1b class1B class2a class2b class2B classaB classbB
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class1[[:alpha:]] ###删除class1[[:alpha:]]文件，第7个字符为任意字母
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###class1{a..b},class1{A..B}文件被删除
class2a class2b class2B classaB classbB
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class[[:lower:]]B ###删除class[[:lower:]]B文件，第5个字符为任意小写字母
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###class{a..b}B文件被删除
class2a class2b class2B
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class2[[:upper:]] ###删除class2[[:upper:]]文件，第7个字符为任意大写字母
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###classa{A..B}文件被删除
class2a class2b
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class[[:digit:]]a ###删除class[[:digit:]]a文件，第6个字符为任意单个数字
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###class2a被删除
class2b
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class[[:alnum:]][[:alnum:]] ###删除class[[:alnum:]][[:alnum:]]文件，第6个字符、第7个字符分别为单个数字或字母
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###class2b被删除
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class@3 class" "9 ###新建文件名称分别带有符号和空格的文件
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
class@3 class 9
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class[[:punct:]]? ###删除文件名称第6个字符是符号的文件
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###文件class@3被删除
class 9
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr class[[:space:]]? ###删除文件名称第6个字符是空格的文件
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls ###文件class 9被删除
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$
2.{}表示不存在的或者存在的
{1..9} ###1-9
{a..f} ###a-f
{A..F} ###A-F
{1,3,5} ###1,3,5
{a,c,e} ###a,c,e
{1..3}{a..c} ###1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c,3a,3b,3c
eg:[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1..9} ###建立文件class1-class9
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
class1 class2 class3 class4 class5 class6 class7 class8 class9
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr *
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{a..f} ###建立文件classa-classf
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
classa classb classc classd classe classf
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr *
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{A..F} ###建立文件classA-classF
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
classA classB classC classD classE classF
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr *
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1,3,5} ###建立文件class1,class3,class5
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
class1 class3 class5
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr *
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{a,c,e} ###建立文件classa,classc,classe
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
classa classc classe
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr *
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch class{1..3}{a..c} ###建立文件*1a,*1b,*1c,*2a,*2b,*2c,*3a,*3b,*3c
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
class1a class1b class1c class2a class2b class2c class3a class3b class3c
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$
3.[]表示存在的
[a-D] ###a,A,b,B,c,C,d,D
[a-d] ###a,A,b,B,c,C,d
[1-4] ###1,2,3,4
[14] ###1,4
[!abc][^abc] ###除了a,b,c
eg:[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {a..d}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {A..D}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {1..4}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
1 2 3 4 a A b B c C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr [a-c] ###删除文件a,A,b,B,c
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
1 2 3 4 C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {a..d}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {A..D}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
1 2 3 4 a A b B c C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr [a-C] ###删除文件a,A,b,B,c,C
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
1 2 3 4 d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {a..d}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {A..D}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
1 2 3 4 a A b B c C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr [1-3] ###删除文件1，2，3
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
4 a A b B c C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ touch {1..4}
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
1 2 3 4 a A b B c C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr [14] ###删除文件1，4
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
2 3 a A b B c C d D
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr [!abc] ###删除除了文件a,b,c之外的所有文件
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
a b c
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ rm -fr [^ac] ###删除除了文件a,c之外的所有文件
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$ ls
a c
[kiosk@foundation42 study]$
4.~当前用户家目录
~ ###当前用户家目录
~username ###指定用户家目录
~+ ###当前目录
~- ###当前目录所在目录
. ###当前目录
.. ###当前目录上一级
eg:[root@foundation42 ~]# pwd ###当前目录/root
/root
[root@foundation42 ~]# cd ~kiosk ###跳转到kiosk用户的家目录/home/kiosk
[root@foundation42 kiosk]# pwd
/home/kiosk
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ pwd ###当前目录/home/kiosk/Desktop
/home/kiosk/Desktop
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cd ~ ###跳转到当前用户的家目录/home/kiosk
[kiosk@foundation42 ~]$ pwd
/home/kiosk
[kiosk@foundation42 ~]$ cd ~- ###跳转到当前用户之前所在目录/home/kiosk/Desktop
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ pwd
/home/kiosk/Desktop
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cd ~+ ###跳转当前目录/home/kiosk/Desktop
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cd . ###跳转当前目录/home/kiosk/Desktop
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cd .. ###跳转当前目录的上一级目录/home/kiosk
[kiosk@foundation42 ~]$ pwd
/home/kiosk
[kiosk@foundation42 ~]$
二、man命令
1.man命令基本用法
man --manual ###man是手册manual的缩写
man man ###查看man命令的帮助
man passwd ###查看passwd命令的帮助
2.man的级别
1 系统命令
2 系统接口
3 函数库
4 特殊文件，比如设备文件
5 文件
6 游戏
7 系统的软件包
8 系统管理命令
9 内核
man 5 passwd ###查看/etc/passwd文件的帮助
man 1 passwd ###查看passwd命令的帮助
eg:[kiosk@foundation42 ~]$ man -k passwd
passwd (1) - update user's authentication tokens ###passwd命令
passwd (5) - password file ###passwd文件
3.man页面的快捷方式
上下键 ###向上或向下一行
pageup|pagedown ###向上一个屏幕或向下一个屏幕
d|u ###向下或者向上半个屏幕
G|gg ###跳转到页面到man的最下面或最上面
/关键字 ###搜索关键字，关键字会高亮显示，n向下匹配，N向上匹配
q ###退出帮助页面
三、管理输入输出
1.在linux系统中，正确输出的编号为1，错误输出的编号为2
2.在系统中用普通用户执行“student”
eg:[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd ###student用户权限有问题，会有以下输出
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied ###没有进入权限，报错
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
/etc/passwd ###正确输出
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd ###正确输出
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd >file ###重定向正确输出
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied ###显示的都是报错信息
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###正确输出在文件file中
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd 2>file ###重定向错误输出
/etc/passwd ###显示的都是正确信息
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###报错信息在file中
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd &>file ###重定向所有输出
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###所有输出都输出到文件file中
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ >file ###清空file，ps:>,2>,&>都会覆盖源文件内容
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd >>file ###追加正确输出
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied ###显示错误输出
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###正确输出在file中
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd 2>>file ###追加错误输出
/etc/passwd ###显示正确输出
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###错误输出追加到源文件内容之后，不覆盖源文件
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd &>>file ###追加所有输出
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###所有输出追加到源文件内容之后，不覆盖源文件
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/pki/CA/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active’: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ipsec.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audisp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/virt-who.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
ps:>>,2>>,&>>不会覆盖源文件内容，会把相应的输出字符放到文件的最后
3.|管道，管道的作用是将前一条命令的输出变成管道之后命令的输入
ls /bin | wc -l ###统计ls /bin 命令输出的行数
tee ###复制输出到指定位置
date |tee file |wc -l ###tee命令复制date命令的输出到file中，并统计输出行数
ps:系统中错误的输出是无法通过管道的。用2>&1可以错误的输出编号由2变成1.
eg:[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ ls /bin | wc -l ###统计ls /bin命令输出的行数
1903
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ sdjksljf | wc -l ###系统中错误的输出是无法通过管道的
bash: sdjksljf: command not found...
0
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ sdjksljf 2>&1 | wc -l ###用2>&1可以错误的输出编号由2变成1
1
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ date |tee file |wc -l ###tee命令复制date命令的输出到file中，并统计输出行数
1
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ cat file ###文件file中是命令date的输出
Tue Mar 21 13:36:46 CST 2017
四、vim
1.vim的命令模式
在vim的命令模式下可以配置vim的工作方式
:set nu ###行号添加
:set nonu ###取消行号
:set mouse=a ###添加鼠标选择
:set cursorline ###行线显示
ps:以上设定都是临时的，永久设定方式：
vim /etc/vimrc ###此文件为vim的配置文件，在此文件最后加上以上参数，加到文件中的参数不需要：
[root@foundation42 ~]# echo set nu >>/etc/vimrc ###永久设定行号添加
2.vim命令模式下关键字搜索
/关键字
n向下匹配
N向上匹配
3.vim命令模式下字符的管理
1)字符的复制
yl ###复制一个字母
y3l ###复制3个字母
yw ###复制一个单词
y3w ###复制3个单词
yy ###复制一行
y3y ###复制3行
p ###复制完成后按“P”粘贴
2)字符的删除
dl ###删除一个字母
d3l ###删除3个字母
dw ###删除一个单词
d3w ###删除3个单词
dd ###删除一行
d3d ###删除3行
2)字符的剪切
cl ###剪切一个字母
c3l ###剪切3个字母
cw ###剪切一个单词
c3w ###剪切3个单词
cc ###剪切一行
c3c ###剪切3行
esc -> p ###剪切过后会进入到插入模式，在执行粘贴动作时一定要退出插入模式
4.vim的可视化模式
1)在命令模式下按“ctrl+v”进入到可视模式
2)在可视模式下可以区域选择字符,使用上下左右键
3)可视模式下批量添加字符
ctrl+v->选中要加入字符所在列->按“I”进入插入模式，写入要加入的字符->按“esc”
5.批量修改字符
:%s/原有字符/替换后字符 ###只替换每一行中出现的第一个原有字符
:%s/原有字符/替换后字符/g ###替换所有
:%s/\t//g ###把全文的tab键替去掉,\t 表示tab键
:%s/^\ *//g ###把全文行首的空格去掉,"^\ *"表示行首的空格
:%s/\ *//g ###把全文的空格去掉
:%s/^\#\ */#/g ###把全文#后的空格去掉
6.vim的分屏功能
ctrl+w s ###上下分屏
ctrl+w v ###左右分屏
ctrl+w c ###关闭光标所在屏幕
ctrl+w 上下左右 ###光标移动到指定屏幕
:sp file2 ###同时编辑当前文件和file2
7.vim光标移动
1)在命令模式下
:数字 ###移动到指定行
G ###光标移动到文件最后一行
gg ###光标移动到文件第一行
2)在插入模式下
i ###光标所在位置插入
I ###光标所在行行首
a ###光标所在字符的下一个位置
A ###光标所在行行尾
o ###光标所在行下一行
O ###光标所在行上一行
s ###删除光标所在字符插入
S ###删除光标所在行插入
8.vim的退出模式
:q ###当用vim打开文件但没有对字符作任何操作时可直接退出
:q! ###当用vim打开文件并对字符作操作，放弃所有操作退出
:wq ###保存退出
:wq! ###强行保存退出，对超级用户及文件所有人生效
9.vim手册
vimtutor ###vim的手册
:q ###退出vimtutor
五、gedit
ctrl+n ###在gedit中打开一个新的tab
ctrl+s ###保存文件
ctrl+o ###打开文件
ctrl+x ###剪切字符
ctrl+v ###粘贴字符
ctrl+c ###复制字符
yelp help:gedit ###gedit的图形手册
unit3-作业
1.用命令和正则表达式按照要求建立文件
*)用一条命令建立12个文件WESTOS_classX_linuxY(X的数值范围为1-2，Y的数值范围为1-6)
*)这些文件都包含在root用户桌面的study目录中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir study
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# touch ./study/WESTOS_class{1..2}_linux{1..6}
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls ./study/
WESTOS_class1_linux1 WESTOS_class1_linux5 WESTOS_class2_linux3
WESTOS_class1_linux2 WESTOS_class1_linux6 WESTOS_class2_linux4
WESTOS_class1_linux3 WESTOS_class2_linux1 WESTOS_class2_linux5
WESTOS_class1_linux4 WESTOS_class2_linux2 WESTOS_class2_linux6
*)用一条命令建立8个文件redhat_versionX（x的范围为1-8）
*)redhat_virsionX这些文件都包含在/mnt目录中的VERSION中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir /mnt/VERSION
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# touch /mnt/VERSION/redhat_version{1..8}
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls /mnt/VERSION/
redhat_version1 redhat_version3 redhat_version5 redhat_version7
redhat_version2 redhat_version4 redhat_version6 redhat_version8
2.管理刚才信建立的文件要求如下
*)用一条命令把redhat_versionX中的带有奇数的文件复制到桌面的SINGLE中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir SINGLE
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# cp /mnt/VERSION/redhat_version[1357] ./SINGLE/
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls SINGLE/
redhat_version1 redhat_version3 redhat_version5 redhat_version7
*)用一条命令把redhat_versionX中的带偶数数的文件复制到/DOUBLE中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir DOUBLE
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# cp /mnt/VERSION/redhat_version[^1357] ./DOUBLE/
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls DOUBLE/
redhat_version2 redhat_version4 redhat_version6 redhat_version8
*)用一条命令把WESTOS_classX_linuxY中class1的文件一动到当前用户桌面的CLASS1中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir CLASS1
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mv study/WESTOS_class1* CLASS1/
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls CLASS1/
WESTOS_class1_linux1 WESTOS_class1_linux3 WESTOS_class1_linux5
WESTOS_class1_linux2 WESTOS_class1_linux4 WESTOS_class1_linux6
*)用一条命令把WESTOS_classX_linuxY中class2的文件一动到当前用户桌面的CLASS2中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir CLASS2
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mv study/WESTOS_class2* CLASS2/
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls CLASS2/
WESTOS_class2_linux1 WESTOS_class2_linux3 WESTOS_class2_linux5
WESTOS_class2_linux2 WESTOS_class2_linux4 WESTOS_class2_linux6
3.备份/etc目录中所有名字带有数字并且以.conf结尾的文件到桌面上的confdir中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# mkdir confdir
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# cp /etc/*[[:digit:]]*.conf confdir
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# ls confdir/
e2fsck.conf krb5.conf mke2fs.conf
4.删掉刚才建立或者备份的所有文件
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# rm -fr * /mnt/VERSION
5.在student用户下执行find /etc -name passwd 命令,并管理其输出要求如下：
*)显示所有正确输出，屏蔽错误输出
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd 2>/dev/null
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
*)保存正确数出到/tmp/find.out,错误数出到/tmp/find.err中
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd >/tmp/find.out 2>/tmp/find.err
*)建立/tmp/find.all文件，并且保存所有输出到此文件中
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd &>/tmp/find.all
*)再次保存所有输出到/tmp/find.all中，并且保持源文件内容
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd &>>/tmp/find.all
*)屏蔽此命令的所有输出
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd &>/dev/null
*)显示此命令的所有输出并保存输出到桌面上的任意文件中
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd | tee file
*)保存正确输出到/tmp/find.out.1中，屏蔽错误输出
[kiosk@foundation42 Desktop]$ find /etc/ -name passwd >/tmp/find.out.1 2>/dev/null
6.处理文件在文件/usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml要求如下：
*)找到此文件中包含ich的行，并保存这些行到/root/lines中
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# cat /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml |grep ich | tee /root/lines
*)用vim替换掉/root/lines中的空格，但要保持文件中原有的内容
[root@foundation42 Desktop]# vim /root/lines->命令模式下输入":%s/\ /vim/g"->按“esc”->命令模式下输入“：wq”