# apt install iputils-arping  # 安装工具

# arping -h  # 获取帮助信息

Usage:
  arping [options] <destination>

Options:
  -f            quit on first reply 等到第一个回复就退出
  -q            be quiet 表示不打印输出，写脚本不想打印输出的时候，应该用的到
  -b            keep on broadcasting, do not unicast 用于持续发送以太网广播帧（FFFFFFFFFFFF），arping一开始使用广播地址，在收到响应后就使用unicast地址
  -D            duplicate address detection mode 重复地址检测模式
  -U            unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbours 不请自来的ARP模式，更新您的邻居
  -A            ARP answer mode, update your neighbours ARP应答模式，更新邻居
  -V            print version and exit
  -c <count>    how many packets to send 发送指定数量的arp包后，即停止并退出
  -w <timeout>  how long to wait for a reply 等待回复多长时间
  -i <interval> set interval between packets (default: 1 second) 设置数据包之间的间隔（默认值：1秒）
  -I <device>   which ethernet device to use 使用哪个以太网设备
  -s <source>   source ip address 源IP地址
  <destination> dns name or ip address

For more details see arping(8).

# arping -I em1 -c 5 -s $VIP $GATEWAY  # 更新VIP的arp记录到网关GATEWAY（注意脚本中的网卡别填错了，要跟VIP所在网卡一致）

一些示例:

root@ubuntu18:~# arping -I ens3 -c 5 -s 10.9.36.85 10.9.36.254  # 更新arp记录到网关
ARPING 10.9.36.254 from 10.9.36.85 ens3
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.254 [40:55:39:EA:61:FF]  13.968ms
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.254 [40:55:39:EA:61:FF]  3.791ms
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.254 [40:55:39:EA:61:FF]  2.381ms
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.254 [40:55:39:EA:61:FF]  2.120ms
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.254 [40:55:39:EA:61:FF]  1.769ms
Sent 5 probes (1 broadcast(s))
Received 5 response(s)

root@ubuntu18:~# arp -a  # 查看本地arp缓存表
? (10.9.36.252) at 00:07:7d:67:60:ff [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.14) at c8:1f:66:c2:bd:a3 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.64) at 52:54:00:9d:17:dc [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.50) at 52:54:00:33:b4:b0 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.52) at 52:54:00:99:cf:5e [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.112) at fa:16:3e:b5:d6:6f [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.65) at 52:54:00:46:fa:87 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.62) at 52:54:00:35:d3:52 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.51) at 52:54:00:85:a4:f1 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.10) at f0:1f:af:e4:8f:b0 [ether] on ens3
? (172.18.0.6) at 02:42:ac:12:00:06 [ether] on docker_gwbridge
? (10.9.36.70) at 52:54:00:9e:db:b0 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.12) at f0:1f:af:e9:c3:a9 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.63) at 52:54:00:2f:28:35 [ether] on ens3
_gateway (10.9.36.254) at 40:55:39:ea:61:ff [ether] on ens3  <--
? (10.9.36.11) at f0:1f:af:e9:c2:ad [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.13) at c8:1f:66:c2:c1:ef [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.66) at 52:54:00:30:55:b6 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.61) at 52:54:00:97:fe:e5 [ether] on ens3
? (10.9.36.68) at 52:54:00:da:53:c1 [ether] on ens3

# arping -I ens3 -c 2 10.9.36.10  # 查看IP对应的MAC地址
ARPING 10.9.36.10 from 10.9.36.85 ens3
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.10 [F0:1F:AF:E4:8F:B0]  0.841ms
Unicast reply from 10.9.36.10 [F0:1F:AF:E4:8F:B0]  0.971ms
Sent 2 probes (1 broadcast(s))
Received 2 response(s)