在Eclipse中使用Ant
Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序,能非常方便地自动完成编译,测试,打包,部署等等一系列任务,大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用Ant,那就要赶快开始学习使用,使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。
Eclipse中已经集成了Ant,我们可以直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。
以前面建立的Hello工程为例,创建以下目录结构:
![Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试 Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试](/default/index/img?u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy41MXRlc3RpbmcuY29tL2F0dGFjaG1lbnRzLzIwMDcvMTAvMl8yMDA3MTAzMTEyMDcyOTEuanBn)
新建一个build.xml,放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了Ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然Ant也可以使用其它文件名,但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范,同时易于与别人交流。
通常,src存放Java源文件,classes存放编译后的class文件,lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件,web存放JSP等web文件,dist存放打包后的jar文件,doc存放API文档。
然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件,输入以下内容:
<?xml
version="1.0"?><projectname="Hello
world"default="doc"><!--properies--><propertyname="src.dir"value="src"/><propertyname="report.dir"value="report"/><propertyname="classes.dir"value="classes"/><propertyname="lib.dir"value="lib"/><propertyname="dist.dir"value="dist"/><propertyname="doc.dir"value="doc"/><!--定义classpath--><pathid="master-classpath"><filesetfile="${lib.dir}/*.jar"/><pathelementpath="${classes.dir}"/></path><!--初始化任务--><targetname="init"></target><!--编译--><targetname="compile"depends="init"description="compile
the source
files"><mkdirdir="${classes.dir}"/><javacsrcdir="${src.dir}"destdir="${classes.dir}"target="1.4"><classpathrefid="master-classpath"/></javac></target><!--测试--><targetname="test"depends="compile"description="run
junit
test"><mkdirdir="${report.dir}"/><junitprintsummary="on"haltonfailure="false"failureproperty="tests.failed"showoutput="true"><classpathrefid="master-classpath"/><formattertype="plain"/><batchtesttodir="${report.dir}"><filesetdir="${classes.dir}"><includename="**/*Test.*"/></fileset></batchtest></junit><failif="tests.failed">***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************</fail></target><!--打包成jar--><targetname="pack"depends="test"description="make
.jar
file"><mkdirdir="${dist.dir}"/><jardestfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar"basedir="${classes.dir}"><excludename="**/*Test.*"/><excludename="**/Test*.*"/></jar></target><!--输出api文档--><targetname="doc"depends="pack"description="create
api
doc"><mkdirdir="${doc.dir}"/><javadocdestdir="${doc.dir}"author="true"version="true"use="true"windowtitle="Test
API"><packagesetdir="${src.dir}"defaultexcludes="yes"><includename="example/**"/></packageset><doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Hello,
test</h1>]]></doctitle><bottom><![CDATA[<i>All
Rights
Reserved.</i>]]></bottom><tagname="todo"scope="all"description="To
do:"/></javadoc></target></project>
选中Hello工程,然后选择“Project”,“Properties”,“Builders”,“New…”,选择“Ant Build”:
![Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试 Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试](/default/index/img?u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy41MXRlc3RpbmcuY29tL2F0dGFjaG1lbnRzLzIwMDcvMTAvMl8yMDA3MTAzMTEyMDgyMDEuanBn)
填入Name:Ant_Builder;Buildfile:build.xml;Base
Directory:${workspace_loc:/Hello}(按“Browse
Workspace”选择工程根目录),由于用到了junit.jar包,搜索Eclipse目录,找到junit.jar,把它复制到Hello/lib目录下,并添加到Ant的Classpath中:
![Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试 Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试](/default/index/img?u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy41MXRlc3RpbmcuY29tL2F0dGFjaG1lbnRzLzIwMDcvMTAvMl8yMDA3MTAzMTEyMTAyMDEuanBn)
然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant_Build,去掉Java
Builder:
![Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试 Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试](/default/index/img?u=aHR0cDovL3d3dy41MXRlc3RpbmcuY29tL2F0dGFjaG1lbnRzLzIwMDcvMTAvMl8yMDA3MTAzMTEyMDkyNTEuanBn)
再次编译,即可在控制台看到Ant的输出:
Buildfile:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\build.xml init: compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes test: [mkdir]
Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\report [junit]
Running example.HelloTest [junit] Tests run: 1,
Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time
elapsed: 0.02 sec pack: [mkdir] Created dir:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist [jar] Building jar:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist\hello.jar doc: [mkdir]
Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc [javadoc]
Generating Javadoc [javadoc] Javadoc execution [javadoc] Loading source files
for package example... [javadoc] Constructing Javadoc
information... [javadoc] Standard Doclet version
1.4.2_04 [javadoc] Building tree
for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building
index for all the packages and classes... [javadoc]
Building index for all classes... [javadoc] Generating
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css...
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future
standard tags:
@todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period
character (.) in custom tag names. [javadoc] Note:
Custom tags that were not seen: @todo BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time:
11 seconds
Ant依次执行初始化,编译,测试,打包,生成API文档一系列任务,极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时,还可加入部署等任务。并且,即使脱离了Eclipse环境,只要正确安装了Ant,配置好环境变量ANT_HOME=<Ant解压目录>,Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin,在命令行提示符下切换到Hello目录,简单地键入ant即可。
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Eclipse中Ant的配置与测试