flutter-StatelessWidget与StatefulWidget

StatelessWidgetStatefulWidgetflutter的基础组件,日常开发中自定义Widget都是选择继承这两者之一。

两者的区别在于状态的改变StatelessWidget面向那些始终不变的UI控件,比如标题栏中的标题;而StatefulWidget则是面向可能会改变UI状态的控件,比如有点击反馈的按钮。

StatelessWidget就没什么好研究的了,StatefulWidget的创建需要指定一个State,在需要更新UI的时候调用setState(VoidCallback fn),并在VoidCallback中改变一些变量数值等,组件会重新build以达到刷新状态也就是刷新UI的效果。

官方有个StatefulWidget的例子,通过点击按钮使屏幕上的Text数值逐渐增长,可以很好理解StatefulWidget的使用

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class Counter extends StatefulWidget {
// This class is the configuration for the state. It holds the
// values (in this nothing) provided by the parent and used by the build
// method of the State. Fields in a Widget subclass are always marked "final". @override
_CounterState createState() => new _CounterState();
} class _CounterState extends State<Counter> {
int _counter = 0; void _increment() {
setState(() {
// This call to setState tells the Flutter framework that
// something has changed in this State, which causes it to rerun
// the build method below so that the display can reflect the
// updated values. If we changed _counter without calling
// setState(), then the build method would not be called again,
// and so nothing would appear to happen.
_counter++;
});
} @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// This method is rerun every time setState is called, for instance
// as done by the _increment method above.
// The Flutter framework has been optimized to make rerunning
// build methods fast, so that you can just rebuild anything that
// needs updating rather than having to individually change
// instances of widgets.
return new Row(
children: <Widget>[
new RaisedButton(
onPressed: _increment,
child: new Text('Increment'),
),
new Text('Count: $_counter'),
],
);
}
}

解耦

上面的例子比较简单,当层级多、状态多的情况下,这样的代码会导致阅读性、扩展性较低的不友好情况发生。代码整洁、代码解耦在日常开发中都非常重要,官方也是非常注重这一点,也提供了思路,将按钮和文本控件从Counter分离,Counter负责更新状态,按钮和文本控件只负责显示,这样达到了解耦,保持代码整洁,扩展性也对应提高。

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class CounterDisplay extends StatelessWidget {
CounterDisplay({this.count}); final int count; @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return new Text('Count: $count');
}
} class CounterIncrementor extends StatelessWidget {
CounterIncrementor({this.onPressed}); final VoidCallback onPressed; @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return new RaisedButton(
onPressed: onPressed,
child: new Text('Increment'),
);
}
} class Counter extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_CounterState createState() => new _CounterState();
} class _CounterState extends State<Counter> {
int _counter = 0; void _increment() {
setState(() {
++_counter;
});
} @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return new Row(children: <Widget>[
new CounterIncrementor(onPressed: _increment),
new CounterDisplay(count: _counter),
]);
}
}
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