linux项目-之系统安装部署-cobbler

2021-08-31 02:54:54

http://cobbler.github.io/manuals/2.6.0/1/1_-_Release_Notes.html

http://www.osyunwei.com/archives/7606.html

http://tshare365.com/archives/439.html

Cobbler 是一个免费开源系统安装部署软件，用于自动化网络安装操作系统;基于Python开发，是对 PXE 的二次封装，提供了 CLI 和 Web 的管理形式，也提供了API接口，方便二次开发使用。
它不仅可以安装物理机，同时也支持虚拟化、GuestOS的安装。另外，Cobbler还能结合 Puppet 等集中化管理软件，实现自动化管理。

实验环境：

cobbler服务器：c6.5-minimal系统上安装cobbler相关包

裸机：在a机上安装c6.5,在b机上安装c7.2,

实现目的：

通过配置Cobbler服务器，全自动批量安装部署Linux系统

#http服务需要此端口   80
#tftp服务需要此端口   25251
#cobbler需要此端口   69

cobbler文件与包

安装cobbler
c6与c7的cobbler相关包是不一样的
[root@107-c6 ~]# yum install epel-release
[root@107-c6 ~]# yum install cobbler-web dhcp debmirror pykickstart

Cobbler目录说明：

1、Cobbler配置文件目录：/etc/cobbler

/etc/cobbler/settings   #cobbler主配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template   #DHCP服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   #tftp服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/rsync.template   #rsync服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/iso   #iso模板配置文件

/etc/cobbler/pxe   #pxe模板文件

/etc/cobbler/power  #电源的配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.conf   #Web服务授权配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.digest   #用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template   #DNS服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/modules.conf   #Cobbler模块配置文件

2、Cobbler数据目录：/var/lib/cobbler

/var/lib/cobbler/config #配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler/triggers  #Cobbler命令

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts  #默认存放kickstart文件

/var/lib/cobbler/loaders  #存放的各种引导程序

3、系统安装镜像目录：/var/www/cobbler

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror #导入的系统镜像列表

/var/www/cobbler/images  #导入的系统镜像启动文件

/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror #yum源存储目录

4、日志目录：/var/log/cobbler

/var/log/cobbler/install.log  #客户端系统安装日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  #cobbler日志

第一部分分步安装配置，即dhcp,tftp,httpd,cobber

yum repolist

yum install epel-release

yum install cobbler dhcp pykickstart

sed -i -e 's/= yes/= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

sed -i 's@next_server: 127.0.0.1@next_server: '192.168.10.101'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's@server: 127.0.0.1@server: '192.168.10.101'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@localhost loaders]# sed -n '/default_password/p' /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."

[root@localhost loaders]# sed -i 's@default_password_crypted@#default_password_crypted@g' /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@localhost loaders]# sed -n '/default_password/p' /etc/cobbler/settings

#default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."

openssl passwd -1 -salt '任意字母' '你的密码'

echo "default_password_crypted:  "$1$ac756ac7$erF27Ljjp3rDItLVqHLOg/"" >> /etc/cobbler/settings

cp /usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32  /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

systemctl start httpd

systemctl start cobblerd

cobbler sync

cobbler check

systemctl start dhcpd

systemctl start tftp

systemctl start rsyncd

mount -o loop CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /mnt/

cobbler import --name=cs65 --path=/mnt

cobbler profile edit --name=cs65-x86_64 --distro=cs65-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/wo.cfg

第二部分脚本安装

1.创建tshare365.sh脚本

#!/bin/sh

#coding=utf8

#Author tshare365.com

##################################################################

#将如下IP修改成你cobbler服务器的IP地址

ip=192.168.10.195

#将如下net修改成你Cobbler所在网段的NET

net=192.168.10.0

#修改成dhcp计划分配的IP段

begin=192.168.10.14

end=192.168.10.34

echo "$ip    www.tshare365.com" >> /etc/hosts

yum install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart dhcp debmirror syslinux cman fence-agents  vim -y

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

/etc/init.d/httpd start

/etc/init.d/cobblerd start

service cobblerd restart

sed -i -e 's/= yes/= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

sed -i -e 's/= yes/= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

sed -i 's@next_server: 127.0.0.1@next_server: '$ip'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's@server: 127.0.0.1@server: '$ip'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

cp  /usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32  /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

sed -i 's$@arches="i386"$#@arches="i386"$g' /etc/debmirror.conf

sed  -i 's$@dists="sid"$#@dists="sid"$g' /etc/debmirror.conf

sed -i 's@default_password_crypted@#default_password_crypted@g' /etc/cobbler/settings

echo "default_password_crypted:  "$1$ac756ac7$erF27Ljjp3rDItLVqHLOg/"" >> /etc/cobbler/settings

service cobblerd restart

cobbler sync

cobbler check

#dhcp

cat > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf <<EOF

option domain-name "tshare365.com";

option domain-name-servers $ip;

default-lease-time 43200;

max-lease-time 86400;

log-facility local7;

subnet $net netmask 255.255.255.0 {

     range $begin $end;

     option routers $ip;

}

next-server $ip;

filename="pxelinux.0";

EOF

/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

service xinetd  restart

mkdir /opt/tshare365

mount /dev/cdrom /opt/tshare365

cobbler import --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-tshare365 --path=/opt/tshare365

cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-tshare365 --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64-tshare365 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/tshare365.cfg

2.创建tshare365.cfg文件

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

#version=DEVEL

# Upgrade existing installation

upgrade

# Use network installation

#修改成自己的IP

url --url="http://192.168.10.195/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-tshare365/"

# Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$CgIgFiPo$rqNvZR480Z5A2dnbxdd7C0

# System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512

firewall --disabled

timezone Asia/Shanghai

# Use graphical install

graphical

firstboot --disable

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang en_US

# Installation logging level

logging --level=info

# Reboot after installation

reboot

# System timezone

timezone  Africa/Abidjan

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

clearpart --all --drives=sda --initlabel

part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100 --ondisk=sda

part swap --size=4096

part / --fstype ext3 --size=100 --grow --asprimary

%packages

@core

@server-policy

@workstation-policy

%end

将tshare365.cfg放到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/目录下然后执行 sh tshare.sh
切记一定要挂载光盘并关闭selinux
安装成功之后默认登录密码是redhat

遇到一个问题是menu.c32 is not a COM32B image.解决办法是

1.cp /usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/

2.修改cobbler服务器/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default文件，将DEFAULT menu行改为DEFAULT vesamenu就可以了

曾经在Dell R720服务器安装Centos 6.5 的过程中出现过如下问题

解决办法是修改cobbler服务器/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 文件

在vmlinuz 后面加入 biosdevname=0，如图

重新安装系统：

在需要重装系统的服务器上安装koan

wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/koan-2.4.0-1.el5.noarch.rpm  #CentOS 5.X

rpm -ivh koan-2.4.0-1.el5.noarch.rpm  #安装koan

http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/koan-2.4.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm  #CentOS 6.X

yum  install  cobbler  debmirror  pykickstart  python-ctypes  cman   #安装koan运行依赖包（需要设置epel源）

koan --list=profiles  --server=192.168.21.128  #查看Cobbler服务器系统镜像列表

koan --replace-self --server=192.168.21.128 --profile=CentOS-5.10-x86_64  #选择要重装的系统

reboot #重新启动系统进行自动安装

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