一、for语法
for 变量 in 列表;do
循环体
done
二、常见用法
1、for用来遍历目录
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#!/bin/bash #Version:0.1 #Author:lovelace #pragram:This scripts is print all files in directory #difine an varibale DIR= "/home/scripts/51cto"
#All files in directory traversal for f in $( ls $DIR); do
echo $f
done |
输出结果为:
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[root@lovelace for ] # ./dir.sh
1.sh 2curl.sh adduer.sh aliquot.sh argument.sh argusum.sh curl.sh dd .sh
dirper.sh info.sh info.tt ipcheck.sh jugement.sh netcard.sh sum .sh
test .sh
The Frist week The Third week |
2、for ((初始条件;终止条件;异动项))
do
命令区域
done
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#!/bin/bash #Version:0.1 #Author:lovelace #pragram:This pragram is and the sum from 1 to 100 #define an integer declare -i i
#loops for ((i=1;i<=10;i=i+1))
do let sum +=1
done echo "The result is:" $ sum
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输出结果为:
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[root@lovelace for ] # ./sorsum.sh
The result is: 10 |
3、for 无穷循环
for ((;1;));do
命令区域
done
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[root@lovelace for ] # cat forover.sh
#!/bin/bash for ((;1;)); do
echo "forever..."
done |
输出结果:
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[root@lovelace for ] # ./forover.sh
forever... forever... forever... forever... forever... forever... forever... |
三、关于break和continue
break、continue 一样可以运用在for while until select这4中循环中,
break :退出循环 提前退出
continue:提前进入下一轮循环 ,continue后面的语句将不再执行
示例(计算1到100内能被3整除的数之和):
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#!/bin/bash #Verson:0.1 #Auther:lovelace #Pragram:This pragram is calculation from 1 to 100 aliquot 3 sum # declare -i i=0
declare -i sum =0
#use loop traverse from 1 to 100 while [ $i -lt 100 ]; do
let i++
#jugement aliqotu 3 or not if [ $(($i%3)) - eq 0 ]; then
let sum +=i
else continue fi done #print sum echo "from 1 to 100 aliquot 3 sum is $sum"
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输出结果为:
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[root@lovelace for ] # ./three.sh
from 1 to 100 aliquot 3 sum is 1683
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四、再次重提如何生成列表
如何生成列表:
1、整数列表
{1..100} 生存1到100的列表
2、seq
seq 10 1到10
seq 5 10 5到10
seq 5 10 2 返回列表为6 8 10
3、`ls /etc`
生成列表不单单只有我们列出的这些,实际案例上需要灵活运用
示例:(分别显示当前系统上所有默认shell中为bash的用户和默认为nologin的用户)
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[root@lovelace for ] # cat checkbash.sh
#!/bin/bash #Version:0.1 #Author:lovelace #pragram:This scripts is check user bash and print it #取出使用bash的用户个数 bashline=` grep 'bash$' /etc/passwd | wc -l`
#取出使用nologin的用户个数 nologinline=` grep 'nologin$' /etc/passwd | wc -l`
#取出bash用户列表 bashuser=` grep 'bash$' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`
#取出nologin用户列表 nologin=` grep 'nologin$' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`
#遍历使用bash的用户并打印出来 for x in $bashuser; do
echo "bash users is:$x"
done #遍历使用nologin的用户并打印出来 for y in $nologin; do
echo "nologin users is:$y"
done #结果如下 [root@lovelace for ] # ./checkbash.sh
bash users is:root
bash users is:nick
bash users is:kale
bash users is:user2
bash users is:user3
bash users is:user4
bash users is:user5
bash users is:user6
bash users is:user7
bash users is:user8
bash users is:user9
bash users is:user10
bash users is:mark
bash users is:lovelace
bash users is:lovetest
nologin users is:bin
nologin users is:daemon
nologin users is:adm
nologin users is:lp
nologin users is:mail
nologin users is:uucp
nologin users is:operator
nologin users is:games
nologin users is:gopher
nologin users is: ftp
nologin users is:nobody
nologin users is:nscd
nologin users is:vcsa
nologin users is:pcap
nologin users is:ntp
nologin users is:dbus
nologin users is:avahi
nologin users is:rpc
nologin users is:mailnull
nologin users is:smmsp
nologin users is:sshd
nologin users is:oprofile
nologin users is:rpcuser
nologin users is:nfsnobody
nologin users is:xfs
nologin users is:haldaemon
nologin users is:avahi-autoipd
nologin users is:gdm
nologin users is:sabayon
nologin users is:jack
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本文转自lovelace521 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/lovelace/1211373,如需转载请自行联系原作者