最近观看Boost库源代码。Boost功能强大的库,但它的许多源代码,十一细读太费时间,毕竟,还有其他东西要学。所以我决定脱脂感兴趣的章节,他们的设计思路和难以理解的地方记录。
shared_ptr是Boost里面最有价值的的智能指针。
它封装了一个原生态指针和一个引用计数器,这个引用计数器是一个类shared_count。shared_ptr支持比較运算,重载了operator<,因此其能够用于set和map。
在转换shared_ptr指针时。用***_pointer_cast定义的函数来转换(返回shared_ptr<T>类型),假设使用static_cast、reinterpret_cast等将会造成shared_ptr无法正确管理指针。
template<class T> class shared_ptr
{
private: // Borland 5.5.1 specific workaround
typedef shared_ptr<T> this_type; public: typedef typename boost::detail::sp_element< T >::type element_type; //以下有多种构造函数,为了适应不同情境须要 //默认构造函数。px为指针。pn为计数器(它是一个类shared_count,其默认构造函数设其值为0)
shared_ptr() BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 ), pn() // never throws in 1.30+
{
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR ) shared_ptr( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 ), pn() // never throws
{
} #endif //用Y类型来初始化。Y可能与T是不同类型
template<class Y>
explicit shared_ptr( Y * p ): px( p ), pn() // Y must be complete
{
boost::detail::sp_pointer_construct( this, p, pn );
} //
// Requirements: D's copy constructor must not throw
//
// shared_ptr will release p by calling d(p)
// template<class Y, class D> shared_ptr( Y * p, D d ): px( p ), pn( p, d )
{
boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, p );
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR ) template<class D> shared_ptr( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t p, D d ): px( p ), pn( p, d )
{
} #endif // As above, but with allocator. A's copy constructor shall not throw. template<class Y, class D, class A> shared_ptr( Y * p, D d, A a ): px( p ), pn( p, d, a )
{
boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, p );
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR ) template<class D, class A> shared_ptr( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t p, D d, A a ): px( p ), pn( p, d, a )
{
} #endif // generated copy constructor, destructor are fine... #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) // ... except in C++0x, move disables the implicit copy //复制构造函数,两个shared_ptr共同管理一个指针
shared_ptr( shared_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
{
} #endif template<class Y>
explicit shared_ptr( weak_ptr<Y> const & r ): pn( r.pn ) // may throw
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); // it is now safe to copy r.px, as pn(r.pn) did not throw
px = r.px;
} template<class Y>
shared_ptr( weak_ptr<Y> const & r, boost::detail::sp_nothrow_tag )
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 ), pn( r.pn, boost::detail::sp_nothrow_tag() )
{
if( !pn.empty() )
{
px = r.px;
}
} template<class Y>
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE ) shared_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> const & r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible<Y,T>::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() ) #else shared_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> const & r ) #endif
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
} // aliasing
template< class Y >
shared_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> const & r, element_type * p ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( p ), pn( r.pn )
{
} #ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR template<class Y>
explicit shared_ptr( std::auto_ptr<Y> & r ): px(r.get()), pn()
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); Y * tmp = r.get();
pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r ); boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) template<class Y>
shared_ptr( std::auto_ptr<Y> && r ): px(r.get()), pn()
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); Y * tmp = r.get();
pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r ); boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
} #elif !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class Ap>
explicit shared_ptr( Ap r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_auto_ptr<Ap, int>::type = 0 ): px( r.get() ), pn()
{
typedef typename Ap::element_type Y; boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); Y * tmp = r.get();
pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r ); boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
} #endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE, BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION #endif // BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_SMART_PTR ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) template< class Y, class D >
shared_ptr( std::unique_ptr< Y, D > && r ): px( r.get() ), pn()
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); typename std::unique_ptr< Y, D >::pointer tmp = r.get();
pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r ); boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
} #endif // assignment
//重载赋值操作符
shared_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
this_type(r).swap(*this);
return *this;
} #if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || (BOOST_MSVC >= 1400) template<class Y>
shared_ptr & operator=(shared_ptr<Y> const & r) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
this_type(r).swap(*this);
return *this;
} #endif #ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR template<class Y>
shared_ptr & operator=( std::auto_ptr<Y> & r )
{
this_type( r ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) template<class Y>
//&&是C++11的新特性,表示右值引用(能够使用暂时对象)
shared_ptr & operator=( std::auto_ptr<Y> && r )
{
this_type( static_cast< std::auto_ptr<Y> && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} #elif !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class Ap>
typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_auto_ptr< Ap, shared_ptr & >::type operator=( Ap r )
{
this_type( r ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} #endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE, BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION #endif // BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_SMART_PTR ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) template<class Y, class D>
shared_ptr & operator=( std::unique_ptr<Y, D> && r )
{
this_type( static_cast< std::unique_ptr<Y, D> && >( r ) ).swap(*this);
return *this;
} #endif // Move support #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) shared_ptr( shared_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn()
{
pn.swap( r.pn );
r.px = 0;
} template<class Y>
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE ) shared_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> && r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible<Y,T>::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() ) #else shared_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> && r ) #endif
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn()
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); pn.swap( r.pn );
r.px = 0;
} shared_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
this_type( static_cast< shared_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} template<class Y>
shared_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr<Y> && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
this_type( static_cast< shared_ptr<Y> && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} #endif #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR ) shared_ptr & operator=( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT // never throws
{
this_type().swap(*this);
return *this;
} #endif void reset() BOOST_NOEXCEPT // never throws in 1.30+
{
//this_type()为暂时对象,交换后*this成为默认原始状态
this_type().swap(*this);
} template<class Y> void reset( Y * p ) // Y must be complete
{
BOOST_ASSERT( p == 0 || p != px ); // catch self-reset errors
this_type( p ).swap( *this );
} template<class Y, class D> void reset( Y * p, D d )
{
this_type( p, d ).swap( *this );
} template<class Y, class D, class A> void reset( Y * p, D d, A a )
{
this_type( p, d, a ).swap( *this );
} template<class Y> void reset( shared_ptr<Y> const & r, element_type * p )
{
this_type( r, p ).swap( *this );
} // never throws (but has a BOOST_ASSERT in it, so not marked with BOOST_NOEXCEPT)
//重载解引用操作符。返回指针指向的对象
typename boost::detail::sp_dereference< T >::type operator* () const
{
BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
return *px;
} // never throws (but has a BOOST_ASSERT in it, so not marked with BOOST_NOEXCEPT)
//重载箭头操作符。返回原生态指针
typename boost::detail::sp_member_access< T >::type operator-> () const
{
BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
return px;
} // never throws (but has a BOOST_ASSERT in it, so not marked with BOOST_NOEXCEPT)
//它也能够指向指针,重载了[]操作符
typename boost::detail::sp_array_access< T >::type operator[] ( std::ptrdiff_t i ) const
{
BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
BOOST_ASSERT( i >= 0 && ( i < boost::detail::sp_extent< T >::value || boost::detail::sp_extent< T >::value == 0 ) ); return px[ i ];
}
//get能够得到原生态指针
element_type * get() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return px;
} // implicit conversion to "bool"
#include <boost/smart_ptr/detail/operator_bool.hpp>
//能够推断是否指针使用者是否唯一
bool unique() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn.unique();
}
//返回指针使用者的个数,推断是否唯一是unique比use_count()==1快非常多
long use_count() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn.use_count();
}
//上面那么多复制构造函数都用到了swap
/*
std::swap()源代码非常easy:
template <class T> void swap ( T& a, T& b )
{
T c(a); a=b; b=c;
}
*/
void swap( shared_ptr & other ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
std::swap(px, other.px);
pn.swap(other.pn);
} template<class Y> bool owner_before( shared_ptr<Y> const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn < rhs.pn;
} template<class Y> bool owner_before( weak_ptr<Y> const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn < rhs.pn;
} void * _internal_get_deleter( boost::detail::sp_typeinfo const & ti ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn.get_deleter( ti );
} void * _internal_get_untyped_deleter() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn.get_untyped_deleter();
} bool _internal_equiv( shared_ptr const & r ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return px == r.px && pn == r.pn;
} // Tasteless as this may seem, making all members public allows member templates
// to work in the absence of member template friends. (Matthew Langston) #ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS private: template<class Y> friend class shared_ptr;
template<class Y> friend class weak_ptr; #endif
//shared_ptr仅有的两个数据成员,一个指针,一个引用指针的个数
element_type * px; // contained pointer
boost::detail::shared_count pn; // reference counter }; // shared_ptr
//重载等号和不等号运算符
template<class T, class U> inline bool operator==(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<U> const & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return a.get() == b.get();
} template<class T, class U> inline bool operator!=(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<U> const & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return a.get() != b.get();
} #if __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 96 // Resolve the ambiguity between our op!= and the one in rel_ops template<class T> inline bool operator!=(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<T> const & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return a.get() != b.get();
} #endif #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR ) template<class T> inline bool operator==( shared_ptr<T> const & p, boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return p.get() == 0;
} template<class T> inline bool operator==( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t, shared_ptr<T> const & p ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return p.get() == 0;
} template<class T> inline bool operator!=( shared_ptr<T> const & p, boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return p.get() != 0;
} template<class T> inline bool operator!=( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t, shared_ptr<T> const & p ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return p.get() != 0;
} #endif
//重载<比較运算符,能够用于关联容器set和map
template<class T, class U> inline bool operator<(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<U> const & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return a.owner_before( b );
} template<class T> inline void swap(shared_ptr<T> & a, shared_ptr<T> & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
a.swap(b);
}
//指针转换是,不要用C++的static_cast、const_cast,这将造成shared_ptr无法管理
//使用以下的函数来转换。它们还返回shared_ptr<T>类型
template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( shared_ptr<U> const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
(void) static_cast< T* >( static_cast< U* >( 0 ) ); typedef typename shared_ptr<T>::element_type E; E * p = static_cast< E* >( r.get() );
return shared_ptr<T>( r, p );
} template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( shared_ptr<U> const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
(void) const_cast< T* >( static_cast< U* >( 0 ) ); typedef typename shared_ptr<T>::element_type E; E * p = const_cast< E* >( r.get() );
return shared_ptr<T>( r, p );
} template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( shared_ptr<U> const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
(void) dynamic_cast< T* >( static_cast< U* >( 0 ) ); typedef typename shared_ptr<T>::element_type E; E * p = dynamic_cast< E* >( r.get() );
return p? shared_ptr<T>( r, p ): shared_ptr<T>();
} template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( shared_ptr<U> const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
(void) reinterpret_cast< T* >( static_cast< U* >( 0 ) ); typedef typename shared_ptr<T>::element_type E; E * p = reinterpret_cast< E* >( r.get() );
return shared_ptr<T>( r, p );
} // get_pointer() enables boost::mem_fn to recognize shared_ptr template<class T> inline typename shared_ptr<T>::element_type * get_pointer(shared_ptr<T> const & p) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return p.get();
} // operator<< #if !defined(BOOST_NO_IOSTREAM) #if defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATED_IOSTREAMS) || ( defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 3) ) template<class Y> std::ostream & operator<< (std::ostream & os, shared_ptr<Y> const & p)
{
os << p.get();
return os;
} #else // in STLport's no-iostreams mode no iostream symbols can be used
#ifndef _STLP_NO_IOSTREAMS # if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1300 && __SGI_STL_PORT)
// MSVC6 has problems finding std::basic_ostream through the using declaration in namespace _STL
using std::basic_ostream;
template<class E, class T, class Y> basic_ostream<E, T> & operator<< (basic_ostream<E, T> & os, shared_ptr<Y> const & p)
# else
template<class E, class T, class Y> std::basic_ostream<E, T> & operator<< (std::basic_ostream<E, T> & os, shared_ptr<Y> const & p)
# endif
{
os << p.get();
return os;
}
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