Nacos+Spring Cloud Gateway动态路由配置
前言
Nacos最近项目一直在使用,其简单灵活,支持更细粒度的命令空间,分组等为麻烦复杂的环境切换提供了方便;同时也很好支持动态路由的配置,只需要简单的几步即可。在国产的注册中心、配置中心中比较突出,容易上手,本文通过gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三个简单模块来展示:Nacos下动态路由配置。
一、Nacos环境准备
1、启动Nacos配置中心并创建路由配置
具体的Nacos怎么配置就不介绍了,可以参考阿里巴巴的官方介绍,这里通过windows直接本地启动开启单机模式,登录Nacos Console,创建dev的namespace,在dev下的默认分组下创建gateway-router的dataId
gateway-router的主要初始化配置如下:关于gateway的组成(id,order、predicates断言,uri)这里就不详细说明的了,可以自行百度下
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
}]
2、连接Nacos配置中心
通常在项目中配置“配置中心”往往都是在bootstrap.propertis(yaml)中配置,这样才能保证项目中路由配置从Nacos Config中读取。
nacos配置中心配置建议在bootstrap.properties中配置
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=properties
配置中心的命名空间:dev 的命名空间(环境)
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
Application启动类中增加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient,才能保证连接到Nacos Config
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayApplication
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}
二、项目构建
1、项目结构
创建简单的spring boot多模块结构,推荐使用idea创建
1)Nacos父模块:
com.springcloud
nacos
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
nacos
Nacos Demo
首先pom文件引入Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos组件:注册中心nacos-discovery与配置中心nacos-config
ããcom.alibaba.cloud
ããspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
ãã${alibaba-nacos.version}
com.alibaba.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config
${alibaba-nacos.version}
其次再引入Spring Cloud相关组件依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
其它组件依赖引入(修正:如果引入了nacos-api相关的JSON依赖,那么fastjson就不需要再引入了,否则可能冲突):
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>${fastjson.version}</version>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
注意,这里有个坑,spring cloud gateway使用的web框架为webflux,和springMVC不兼容。所以不要引入(修正:只有gateway服务不用引入springMVC,其他需要引入)
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
2)三个子模块:gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider
nacos-provider
nacos-consumer
gateway
结构截图如下所示:
3)三个服务的端口分别为:
nacos-consume:6001
nacos-provider:6002
gateway:6003
4)服务架构如下:
2、编写测试代码
(1)在gateway模块中主要实现以下功能:
第一,从Nacos配置中心中加载动态路由的相关配置,就需要读取Nacos的命名空间namespace,通过dataId获取配置
/**
- 路由类配置
*/
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {
public static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static String NACOS_SERVER_ADDR;
public static String NACOS_NAMESPACE;
public static String NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID;
public static String NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP;
@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr}")
public void setNacosServerAddr(String nacosServerAddr){
NACOS_SERVER_ADDR = nacosServerAddr;
}
@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace}")
public void setNacosNamespace(String nacosNamespace){
NACOS_NAMESPACE = nacosNamespace;
}
@Value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id}")
public void setNacosRouteDataId(String nacosRouteDataId){
NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID = nacosRouteDataId;
}
@Value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.group}")
public void setNacosRouteGroup(String nacosRouteGroup){
NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP = nacosRouteGroup;
}
}
properties配置关于Nacos下读取gateway-router的配置:
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id=gateway-router
nacos.gateway.route.config.group=DEFAULT_GROUP
第二,初始化路由,监听动态路由配置的数据源变化;
/**
*
- 通过nacos下发动态路由配置,监听Nacos中gateway-route配置
*
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
@DependsOn({"gatewayConfig"}) // 依赖于gatewayConfig bean
public class DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos {
@Autowired
private DynamicRouteServiceImpl dynamicRouteService;
private ConfigService configService;
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
log.info("gateway route init...");
try{
configService = initConfigService();
if(configService == null){
log.warn("initConfigService fail");
return;
}
String configInfo = configService.getConfig(GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID, GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP, GatewayConfig.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
log.info("获取网关当前配置:\r\n{}",configInfo);
List<RouteDefinition> definitionList = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);
for(RouteDefinition definition : definitionList){
log.info("update route : {}",definition.toString());
dynamicRouteService.add(definition);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("初始化网关路由时发生错误",e);
}
dynamicRouteByNacosListener(GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID,GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP);
}
/**
* 监听Nacos下发的动态路由配置
* @param dataId
* @param group
*/
public void dynamicRouteByNacosListener (String dataId, String group){
try {
configService.addListener(dataId, group, new Listener() {
@Override
public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {
log.info("进行网关更新:\n\r{}",configInfo);
List<RouteDefinition> definitionList = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);
for(RouteDefinition definition : definitionList){
log.info("update route : {}",definition.toString());
dynamicRouteService.update(definition);
}
}
@Override
public Executor getExecutor() {
log.info("getExecutor\n\r");
return null;
}
});
} catch (NacosException e) {
log.error("从nacos接收动态路由配置出错!!!",e);
}
}
/**
* 初始化网关路由 nacos config
* @return
*/
private ConfigService initConfigService(){
try{
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("serverAddr",GatewayConfig.NACOS_SERVER_ADDR);
properties.setProperty("namespace",GatewayConfig.NACOS_NAMESPACE);
return configService= NacosFactory.createConfigService(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("初始化网关路由时发生错误",e);
return null;
}
}
}
第三,刷新最新的动态路由变化,实现动态增删改路由
/**
- 动态更新路由网关service
- 1)实现一个Spring提供的事件推送接口ApplicationEventPublisherAware
- 2)提供动态路由的基础方法,可通过获取bean操作该类的方法。该类提供新增路由、更新路由、删除路由,然后实现发布的功能。
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class DynamicRouteServiceImpl implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {
@Autowired
private RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;
/**
* 发布事件
*/
@Autowired
private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
@Override
public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
this.publisher = applicationEventPublisher;
}
/**
* 删除路由
* @param id
* @return
*/
public String delete(String id) {
try {
log.info("gateway delete route id {}",id);
this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(id));
return "delete success";
} catch (Exception e) {
return "delete fail";
}
}
/**
* 更新路由
* @param definition
* @return
*/
public String update(RouteDefinition definition) {
try {
log.info("gateway update route {}",definition);
this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(definition.getId()));
} catch (Exception e) {
return "update fail,not find route routeId: "+definition.getId();
}
try {
routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
return "success";
} catch (Exception e) {
return "update route fail";
}
}
/**
* 增加路由
* @param definition
* @return
*/
public String add(RouteDefinition definition) {
log.info("gateway add route {}",definition);
routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
return "success";
}
}
(2)在consumer创建ConsumeController:通过访问gateway网关/consume/sayHello/{name}("pattern": "/consume/**"),跳转至nacos-consumer服务("uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"),
@RequestMapping("/consume/")
@Slf4j
public class ConsumeController {
@GetMapping("/sayHello/{name}")
public String sayHello(@PathVariable("name") String name){
log.info("I'm calling nacos-consumer service by dynamic gateway...");
return name + " Hi~, I'm from nacos-consumer";
}
}
(3)在provider创建ProviderController:通过访问gateway网关/provide/sayHello/{name}("pattern": "/provide/**"),跳转至nacos-provider服务("uri": "lb://nacos-provider")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/provide/")
@Slf4j
public class ProviderController {
@GetMapping("/sayHello/{name}")
public String sayHello(@PathVariable("name") String name){
log.info("I'm calling nacos-provider service by dynamic gateway...");
return name + " Hi~, I'm from nacos-provider";
}
}
三、测试动态网关配置
1、启动服务,观察注册中心
分别启动gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三个服务,观察是否已经在Nacos上正确注册
注意:需要指定注册中心的namespace为dev的空间,即spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
2、访问网关,观察服务日志
(1)查看gateway服务的初始化启动日志:会发现可以正常从Nacos获取配置gateway-router网关配置文件内容,并进行正确路由加载...
View Code
但这只能说明是初始化静态路由,下面我们改变gateway-router网关配置内容,追加github-router路由
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
},{
"id": "github-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/github/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "https://github.com"
}]
之后点击发布更新路由配置
观察gateway服务日志,有没有监听,并且进行正确的路由更新:如下日志所示,最新路由配置立马被打印,并且进行正确路由更新
View Code
其实,还有办法可以知道我们的gateway服务有没有监听Nacos的gateway-router配置,那就是在Nacos Console--->监听查询----->选择配置---->输入配置文件的namespace与Group: 可以发现我本地IP地址127.0.0.1对配置文件gateway-router进行了监听
(2)访问gateway网关服务:http://localhost:6003/consume/sayHello/nacos
查看consumer服务日志:
2020-05-10 14:55:07.257 INFO 6552 --- [nio-6001-exec-2] c.n.c.controller.ConsumeController : I'm calling nacos-consumer service by dynamic gateway...
发现跳转至consumer服务,并且访问了consumer服务的CosnumerController
(3)访问gateway网关服务:http://localhost:6003/provider/sayHello/nacos
查看provider服务日志:
2020-05-10 14:56:56.144 INFO 10024 --- [nio-6002-exec-1] c.n.p.controller.ProviderController : I'm calling nacos-provider service by dynamic gateway...
发现跳转至consumer服务,并且访问了provider服务的ProviderController
(4)访问访问gateway网关服务:http://localhost:6003/github,正确跳转至github页面
四、总结
1)Spring Cloud Gateway作用不光只是简单的跳转重定向,还可以实现用户的验证登录,解决跨域,日志拦截,权限控制,限流,熔断,负载均衡,黑名单和白名单机制等。是微服务架构不二的选择;
2)Nacos的配置中心支持动态获取配置文件,可以将一些全局的经常变更的配置文件放在Nacos下,需要到微服务自行获取。