WCF初探-9：WCF服务承载 (下)

2021-11-09 02:15:25

在WCF初探-8：WCF服务承载 (上)中，我们对宿主的概念、环境、特点做了文字性的介绍和概括，接下来我们将通过实例对这几种寄宿方式进行介绍。为了更好的说明各寄宿环境特点，本实例采用Http和net.tcp两种服务通讯方式，同时寄宿在不同的宿主中。程序结构如下：

服务契约的接口和实现代码如下：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace Service

{

    [ServiceContract]

    public interface IServiceCalculator

    {

        [OperationContract]

        double Add(double n1, double n2);

    }

}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace Service

{

    [ServiceContract]

    public interface IServiceMessage

    {

        [OperationContract]

        string ReturnMessage();

    }

}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

namespace Service

{

    public class ServiceCalculator:IServiceCalculator

    {

        public double Add(double n1, double n2)

        {

            return n1 + n2;

        }

    }

}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

namespace Service

{

    public class ServiceMessage:IServiceMessage

    {

        public string ReturnMessage()

        {

            return "调用服务计算结果如下";

        }

    }

}

在 IIS 中承载 WCF 服务和WAS 中承载 WCF 服务

　　1. 完成IISHost代码

引用Service程序集
添加ServiceCalculator.svc新文件，代码如下

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true"  Service="Service.ServiceCalculator" %>

添加ServiceCalculator.svc新文件，代码如下

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Service.ServiceMessage" %>

配置服务文件代码如下，这里我将配置两个服务一个是ServiceMessage用于Http通讯，一个是ServiceCalculator用于net.tcp通讯，如果不清楚服务配置，请参照WCF初探-6：WCF服务配置和WCF初探-7：WCF服务配置工具使用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<configuration>

    <system.serviceModel>

      <services>

        <service name="Service.ServiceMessage" behaviorConfiguration="mexBehavior">

          <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Service.IServiceMessage" />

          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

        </service>

        <service name="Service.ServiceCalculator" behaviorConfiguration="mexBehavior">

          <endpoint address="" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="PortSharingBinding" contract="Service.IServiceCalculator" />

          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexTcpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

        </service>

      </services>

      <bindings>

        <netTcpBinding>

          <binding name="PortSharingBinding" portSharingEnabled="true">

            <security mode="None" />

          </binding>

        </netTcpBinding>

      </bindings>

      <behaviors>

          <serviceBehaviors>

              <behavior name="mexBehavior">

                  <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />

                  <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />

              </behavior>

          </serviceBehaviors>

      </behaviors>

    </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

　　2. 寄宿服务

生成IISHost程序，将bin文件目录、ServiceCalculator.svc、ServiceMessage.svc、Web.config拷贝到新建的WCFHost文件夹中
新建网站配置该程序以便承载服务。
点击IIS菜单的应用程序池，找到WCFHost程序池，将.net framework版本设置为v4.0,托管管道模式设置为集成
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:1234/ServiceMessage.svc可以看到服务发布成功
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:1234/ServiceCalculator.svc可以看到服务寄宿失败

　　这是因为ServiceCalculator.svc启用的是net.tcp通讯，而在IIS中启用net.tcp通讯就必须依靠Windows 进程激活服务（也称为 WAS）

要使用WAS寄宿程序，就需要配置几个地方

　　　　在控制面板->程序和功能->打开或关闭windows功能勾选以下几个功能,安装WCF 激活组件

　　　　配置承载服务的WCFHost网站，添加net.tcp通讯。

　　　　点击网站的高级设置，在已启用的协议后追加net.tcp协议

在浏览器中重新输入http://localhost:1234/ServiceCalculator.svc，可以看到服务寄宿成功

　　3.　客户端验证服务

启动Visual Studio 命令提示(2010)命令行工具，输入wcftestclient命令调用WCF服务测试客户端

在托管应用程序中承载 WCF 服务

　　1. 完成AppHost代码

添加对service程序集的引用，配置文件App.config代码如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<configuration>

  <system.serviceModel>

    <services>

      <service name="Service.ServiceMessage" behaviorConfiguration="mexBehavior">

        <host>

          <baseAddresses>

            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:2234/ServiceMessage/"/>

          </baseAddresses>

        </host>

        <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Service.IServiceMessage" />

        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

      </service>

      <service name="Service.ServiceCalculator" behaviorConfiguration="mexBehavior">

        <host>

            <baseAddresses>

              <add baseAddress="http://localhost:1235/ServiceCalculator/"/>

              <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:1234/ServiceCalculator"/>

            </baseAddresses>

          </host>

         <endpoint address="" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="PortSharingBinding" contract="Service.IServiceCalculator" >

          <identity>

            <dns value="localhost"/>

          </identity>

        </endpoint>

        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

      </service>

    </services>

    <bindings>

      <netTcpBinding>

        <binding name="PortSharingBinding" portSharingEnabled="true" >

          <security mode="None" />

        </binding>

      </netTcpBinding>

    </bindings>

    <behaviors>

      <serviceBehaviors>

        <behavior name="mexBehavior">

          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />

          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />

        </behavior>

      </serviceBehaviors>

    </behaviors>

  </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

Program.cs代码如下

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using Service;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace AppHost

{

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            try

            {

                ServiceHost MessageHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(ServiceMessage));

                ServiceHost CalculatorHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(ServiceCalculator));

                MessageHost.Open();

                CalculatorHost.Open();

                Console.WriteLine("服务已经启动。。。");

                Console.ReadLine();

                MessageHost.Close();

                CalculatorHost.Close();

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

                Console.Read();

            }

        }

    }

}

　　2. 寄宿服务

生成AppHost工程，找到bin目录下的AppHost.exe,点击运行，查看到服务寄宿成功

　　3. 客户端验证服务

启动Visual Studio 命令提示(2010)命令行工具，输入wcftestclient命令调用WCF服务测试客户端。分别添加服务地址：

　　　　http://localhost:2234/ServiceMessage/

　　　　http://localhost:1235/ServiceCalculator/

在托管 Windows 服务中承载 WCF 服务　　

　　1. 完成NTHost代码

添加windows服务程序services1.cs，在设计界面上单击右键添加安装程序ProjectInstaller.cs，在ProjectInstaller.cs设计界面上有serviceProcessInstaller1和serviceInstaller1两个安装组件，分别设置他们的属性
添加配置文件App.config代码,代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<configuration>

  <system.serviceModel>

    <services>

      <service name="Service.ServiceMessage" behaviorConfiguration="mexBehavior">

        <host>

          <baseAddresses>

            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:2234/ServiceMessage/"/>

          </baseAddresses>

        </host>

        <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Service.IServiceMessage" />

        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

      </service>

      <service name="Service.ServiceCalculator" behaviorConfiguration="mexBehavior">

        <host>

            <baseAddresses>

              <add baseAddress="http://localhost:1235/ServiceCalculator/"/>

              <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:1234/ServiceCalculator"/>

            </baseAddresses>

          </host>

         <endpoint address="" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="PortSharingBinding" contract="Service.IServiceCalculator" >

          <identity>

            <dns value="localhost"/>

          </identity>

        </endpoint>

        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />

      </service>

    </services>

    <bindings>

      <netTcpBinding>

        <binding name="PortSharingBinding" portSharingEnabled="true" >

          <security mode="None" />

        </binding>

      </netTcpBinding>

    </bindings>

    <behaviors>

      <serviceBehaviors>

        <behavior name="mexBehavior">

          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />

          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />

        </behavior>

      </serviceBehaviors>

    </behaviors>

  </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

Service1.cs代码如下：

using System.ServiceProcess;

using Service;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace NTHost

{

    public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase

    {

        public Service1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

        ServiceHost MessageHost = null;

        ServiceHost CalculatorHost = null;

        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)

        {

            MessageHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(ServiceMessage));

            CalculatorHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(ServiceCalculator));

            MessageHost.Open();

            CalculatorHost.Open();

        }

        protected override void OnStop()

        {

            MessageHost.Close();

            CalculatorHost.Close();

            MessageHost = null;

            CalculatorHost = null;

        }

    }

}

　　2. 寄宿服务

生成NTHost工程，安装windows服务程序NTHost.exe，在命令行中输入

　　Cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319，回车后输入installutil.exe 程序生成的bin目录绝对地址\NTHost.exe –i，回车后安装服务程序，程序注册成功后启动服务。

在开始菜单输入services.msc命令，打开服务管理程序将NTServiceHost服务设置为启动

　　3. 客户端验证服务

　启动Visual Studio 命令提示(2010)命令行工具，输入wcftestclient命令调用WCF服务测试客户端。分别添加服务地址：

　　　　http://localhost:2234/ServiceMessage/

　　　　http://localhost:1235/ServiceCalculator/

码农公寓

在 IIS 中承载 WCF 服务和WAS 中承载 WCF 服务

在托管应用程序中承载 WCF 服务

在托管 Windows 服务中承载 WCF 服务

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