Django文件上传下载

1. 项目目录结构

Django文件上传下载

 

 

 2. 创建模板目录并配置 settings.py: D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\file_up_and_down_demo\settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    django.contrib.admin,
    django.contrib.auth,
    django.contrib.contenttypes,
    django.contrib.sessions,
    django.contrib.messages,
    django.contrib.staticfiles,
    index,
]


TEMPLATES = [
{
‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘index/templates‘)],
‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
‘OPTIONS‘: {
‘context_processors‘: [
‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
],
},
},
]
 

 

3. 创建文件模型,并映射到数据库

以默认的 sqlite 为例,在 index App 下的 models.py 中自定义一个代表文件的模型

该模型包含 3 个字段:

  • 文件名称
  • 文件保存路径
  • 上传时间

D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\index\models.py

from django.db import models
# index App models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

# Create your models here.


# 文件模型
class FileModel(models.Model):
    # 文件名称
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    # 文件保存路径
    path = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    # 上传时间
    upload_time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)

然后,在项目根目录下执行下面 2 条命令,将模型结构映射到数据库中

# 数据库映射
Python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate

4.自定义表单控件

在内部自定义一个表单类,继承于 forms.Form

from django import forms


class FileForm(forms.Form):
    file = forms.FileField(
    # 支持多文件上传
    widget=forms.ClearableFileInput(attrs={multiple: True}),
    label=请选择文件,
)

 

5. 添加上传、下载路由 URL

为上传、下载功能添加路由 URL

D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\file_up_and_down_demo\urls.py

# 项目urls.py
from
django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include urlpatterns = [ path(admin/, admin.site.urls), path(‘‘, include(index.urls)) ]

# index App urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
# 上传
path(‘‘, index_view, name=index),
# 下载
path(download/<id>, download_view, name=download)
]

6. 编写模板文件

D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\index\templates\upload.html

其中

  • form 代表视图函数传过来的表单实体对象
  • form.as_p 代表以字段格式渲染所有的表单元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>主页-上传文件</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="确定上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>

7. 上传视图函数

D:\Users\file_up_and_down_demo\index\views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from index.models import FileModel
from index.forms import FileForm
from django.http import HttpResponse, FileResponse
from django.utils.encoding import escape_uri_path
import os
import urlquote


# Create your views here.

def index_view(request):
    """
    上传文件
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    if request.method == POST:
        form = FileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            # 选择的文件
            files = request.FILES.getlist(file)
            # 遍历写入到数据库中
            for file in files:
                # 写入到数据库中
                file_model = FileModel(name=file.name, path=os.path.join(./upload, file.name))
                file_model.save()
                # 写入到服务器本地
                destination = open(os.path.join("./upload", file.name), wb+)
                for chunk in file.chunks():
                    destination.write(chunk)
                destination.close()
        # 提示上传成功
            return HttpResponse(上传成功!)
    else:
        form = FileForm()
        return render(request, upload.html, locals())
# 下载视图函数
def download_view(request, id):
    """
    下载文件
    :param request:
    :param id:文件id
    :return:
    """
    file_result = FileModel.objects.filter(id=id)
    # 如果文件存在,就下载文件
    if file_result:
        file = list(file_result)[0]
    # 文件名称及路径
        name = file.name
        path = file.path
        # 读取文件
        file = open(path, rb)
        response = FileResponse(file)
        # 使用urlquote对文件名称进行编码
        response[Content_type] = application/octet-stream
        response[Content-Disposition] = attachment;filename="%s" % escape_uri_path(name)
        return response
    else:
        return HttpResponse(文件不存在!)

需要提前在项目根目录创建一个 upload 文件夹,用于存放上传的文件

8. 运行并测试

Django文件上传下载

 

 下载

Django文件上传下载

 

 

参考:5分钟,带你快速入门Django文件上传下载 (toutiao.com)

Django文件上传下载

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