创建控制文件副本出现错误ORA-00205: error in identifying control file

2021-12-26 01:04:49

测试环境：OEL6.5+Oracle 11g R2

在做多路复用控制文件的实验时，创建控制文件总是会报错误：ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
下面是当时的操作过程：

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SYS@ORCL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/c
ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
fast_recovery_area/ORCL/contro
l02.ctl
SYS@ORCL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ORCL> ! cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl
SYS@ORCL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@ORCL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

看上去似乎没有错误，于是开始查看alert日志，在日志中看到的内容如下：

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Mon Feb 01 23:44:54 2016
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...

根据提示来看是说文件或路径不存在，而且是在数据库从nomount阶段启动到mount阶段的过程中遇到了文件或路径不存在的错误，而从nomount转换到mount阶段，是实例根据参数文件中的control_files来定位控制文件的，这样一来可以定位错误就在下面的语句当中：

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SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;

可是上面明明提示这据SQL更改成功了，为什么会出错呢？思来想去可能问题出在后面的参数值的格式上，于是将这句SQL改为：

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SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl','/home/oracle/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@ORCL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@ORCL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/c
ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
fast_recovery_area/ORCL/contro
l02.ctl, /home/oracle/control0
3.ctl

果然是格式的问题，那么将单引号改为双引号会怎样？

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SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl","/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl","/home/oracle/control03.ctl" scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@ORCL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@ORCL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/c
ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
fast_recovery_area/ORCL/contro
l02.ctl, /home/oracle/control0
3.ctl

也能成功，在此处的control_files参数是单引号和双引号之间没有区别。那么把失败的情况换成双引号结果会怎样？

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SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl" scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@ORCL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

同样还是失败，也就是说，在修改此参数时，一个单/双引号里的内容均会被认为是一个完整的路径，要想指定多个路径，必须以单/双引号分别指定路径，路径之间以逗号隔开，当然，全部是西文字符。

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