通过HttpClient来调用Web Api接口

2021-09-05 01:21:44

HttpClient是一个被封装好的类，主要用于Http的通讯，它在.net,java,oc中都有被实现，当然，我只会.net，所以，只讲.net中的HttpClient去调用Web Api的方法，基于api项目的特殊性，它需要有一个完全安全的环境，所以，你的api控制器看起来有点特别，只有５个方法，而且都是标准的http方法，我觉得这种设计很不错，很清晰，而且为了实现安全性，它不支持使用传统的表单数据，取而代之的是FromBody参数，它指拿HttpRequestMessage里参数，而不是所有的Request数据，这是基于安全方面的考虑。

一　Api接口参数的标准性

Get方式，可以有多个重载，有多个参数

POST方式，只能有一个参数，并且用[FromBody]约束，如果有多个参数，需要以对象的方式进行传递

Put方式，只能有两个参数，其中一个是通过Request.QueryString方式进行传递的，作为要更新对象的主键，别一个是[FromBody]字段，也是一个字段，如果多个字段需要把它封装成对象

标准接口如图

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" alt="" />

二　调用方，参数的标准性

在客户端进行接口调用时，我们以网页端为例，看一下网页端进行ajax跨域请求的代码

Get方式

　　　 $.ajax({

            url: "http://localhost:52824/api/register",

            type: "GET",

            success: function (data) {

                console.log("json:" + data);

            }

        });

Post方式

  　　 $.ajax({

            url: "http://localhost:52824/api/register",

            type: "POST",

            data: { '': '1' },//这里键名称必须为空，多个参数请传对象，api端参数名必须为value

            success: function (data) {

                console.log("post:" + data);

            }

        });

三　在控制台中实现Get方式获取接口数据（只有异步实现）

　　　　  /// <summary>

        /// HttpClient实现Get请求

        /// </summary>

        static async void dooGet()

        {

            string url = "http://localhost:52824/api/register?id=1&leval=5";

            //创建HttpClient（注意传入HttpClientHandler）

            var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip };

            using (var http = new HttpClient(handler))

            {

                //await异步等待回应

                var response = await http.GetAsync(url);

                //确保HTTP成功状态值

                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

                //await异步读取最后的JSON（注意此时gzip已经被自动解压缩了，因为上面的AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip）

                Console.WriteLine(await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());

            }

        }

四　在控制台中实现Post方式提交数据（只有异步实现）

     /// <summary>

        /// HttpClient实现Post请求

        /// </summary>

        static async void dooPost()

        {

            string url = "http://localhost:52824/api/register";

            var userId = "1";

            //设置HttpClientHandler的AutomaticDecompression

            var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip };

            //创建HttpClient（注意传入HttpClientHandler）

            using (var http = new HttpClient(handler))

            {

                //使用FormUrlEncodedContent做HttpContent

                var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()

                {

                  {"", userId}//键名必须为空

                 });

                //await异步等待回应

                var response = await http.PostAsync(url, content);

                //确保HTTP成功状态值

                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

                //await异步读取最后的JSON（注意此时gzip已经被自动解压缩了，因为上面的AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip）

                Console.WriteLine(await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());

            }

        }

五　在控制台中实现Put方式提交数据（只有异步实现）

        /// <summary>

        /// HttpClient实现Put请求

        /// </summary>

        static async void dooPut()

        {

            string url = "http://localhost:52824/api/register?userid=" + userId;

            var userId = "1";

            //设置HttpClientHandler的AutomaticDecompression

            var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip };

            //创建HttpClient（注意传入HttpClientHandler）

            using (var http = new HttpClient(handler))

            {

                //使用FormUrlEncodedContent做HttpContent

                var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()

                {

                   {"", "数据"}//键名必须为空

                });

                //await异步等待回应

                var response = await http.PutAsync(url, content);

                //确保HTTP成功状态值

                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

                //await异步读取最后的JSON（注意此时gzip已经被自动解压缩了，因为上面的AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip）

                Console.WriteLine(await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());

            }

        }

OK,到这里，我们的客户端如何去调用web api就讲完了，事实上，手机端，平板端也是相关的方式去调用的，它们也都有自己的HttpClient类，大同小异！

http://www.cnblogs.com/lori/p/4045413.html

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