IoC则是一种 软件设计模式,简单来说Spring通过工厂+反射来实现IoC。
原理简单说明:
其实就是通过解析xml文件,通过反射创建出我们所需要的bean,再将这些bean挨个放到集合中,然后对外提供一个getBean()方法,以便我们获得这bean。
通俗来讲就如同婚姻介绍所,只需要告诉它找个什么样的女朋友,然后婚介就会按照我们的要求,提供一个mm,如果婚介给我们的人选不符合要求,我们就会抛出异常。
简单实现:
1.需要引用maven依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdom</groupId>
<artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
2.beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans>
<bean id="user" class="com.example.domain.User" />
<bean id="userDAO" class="com.example.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl" />
<bean id="userService" class="com.example.service.UserService">
<property name="userDAO" bean="userDAO" />
</bean>
</beans>
3.BeanFactory
package com.example.ioc;
public interface BeanFactory {
Object getBean(String name);
}
4.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:读取xml文件内容,并创建对象及对象关系(使用setter方式)
package com.example.ioc;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {
private Map<String, Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception {
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
// 构造文档对象
Document doc = sb.build(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.class
.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml"));
// 获取根元素
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
// 取到根元素所有元素
List list = root.getChildren();
setBeans(list);
}
//设置Bean
private void setBeans(List list) throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Element element = (Element) list.get(i);
String id = element.getAttributeValue("id");
//取得class子元素
String clzss = element.getAttributeValue("class");
//通过反射进行实例化
Object o = Class.forName(clzss).newInstance();
beans.put(id, o);
setProperty(element, o);
}
}
//获取property进行依赖注入
private void setProperty(Element element, Object o) throws Exception {
for (Element property : (List<Element>) element.getChildren("property")) {
String name = property.getAttributeValue("name");
String bean = property.getAttributeValue("bean");
//从beans.xml中根据id取到类的对象
Object beanObj = this.getBean(bean);
System.out.println(beanObj);//com.example.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl@2f4d3709
//组成setXXX方法名
String methodName = "set" + name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
// 反射机制对方法进行调用,将对象在加载bean时就注入到环境上下文中
Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObj.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
m.invoke(o, beanObj);
}
}
@Override
public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}
以上为核心代码,当然在实际情况中,这一块要复杂的多, 例如:可以一个bean引用另一个bean,还可以有多个配置文件、通过多种方式载入配置文件等等,不过原理还是采用Java的反射机制。
实现的效果为:
Service service=(Service)beans.get("userService");
Dao dao = (Dao)beans.get("userDAO");
//依赖注入,Service实现依赖dao的实现
service.setDao(dao);
5.User:实体类
package com.example.domain;
public class User {
private String userName;
private String password;
/**
* @return the userName
*/
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
/**
* @param userName the userName to set
*/
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
/**
* @return the password
*/
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
/**
* @param password the password to set
*/
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String toString() {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append(this.userName);
sb.append(this.password);
return sb.toString();
}
}
6.UserDAO
package com.example.dao;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface UserDAO {
void save(User u);
void delete();
}
7.UserDAOImpl
package com.example.dao.impl;
import com.example.dao.UserDAO;
import com.example.domain.User;
public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
@Override
public void save(User u) {
System.out.println("User:" + u.toString());
}
@Override
public void delete() {
System.out.println("delete User");
}
}
8.UserService
package com.example.service;
import com.example.dao.UserDAO;
import com.example.domain.User;
public class UserService {
private UserDAO userDAO;
public void addUser(User u) {
this.userDAO.save(u);
}
/**
* @return the userDAO
*/
public UserDAO getUserDAO() {
return userDAO;
}
/**
* @param userDAO the userDAO to set
*/
public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {
this.userDAO = userDAO;
}
}
9.测试:
package com.example.ioc;
import com.example.domain.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
public class RunIoc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BeanFactory factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
//通过工厂直接获取
UserService userService = (UserService) factory.getBean("userService");
//其实User也可以从工厂中获得
User u = (User) factory.getBean("user");
//User u = new User();
u.setUserName("tom");
u.setPassword("123456");
userService.addUser(u);//打印结果tom123456
}
}
小结
上文仅仅是简单地模拟了spring的IOC的实现,虽然只是完成了spring中依赖注入的一小部分,但还是很好地展现了Java反射机制在spring中的应用