backtrader进行期货回测要注意的问题:保证金等设置,拼接滚动合约

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很多同学问如何用backtrader进行期货回测。以下给个例子,与普通股票回测不同的是佣金的设置方式。

import datetime  # For datetime objects
import backtrader as bt
import backtrader.feeds as btfeeds
import backtrader.indicators as btind
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from datetime import datetime
class Par_SAR(bt.Strategy):
    params = (('period', 2), ('af', 0.02), ('afmax', 0.2))

    def __init__(self):
       pass
       



if __name__ == '__main__':
    # rb 15 min data 
    brf_min_bar = bt.feeds.GenericCSVData(
        dataname='E:/Quant/Backtrader/backtrader-master/China_Market/data/rb_15m.csv',
        timeframe=bt.TimeFrame.Minutes,
        #fromdate=datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 1),
        #todate=datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 1),
        nullvalue=0.0,
        dtformat=('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
        datetime=1,
        time=-1,
        high=4,
        low=5,
        open=3,
        close=6,
        volume=-1,
        # openinterest=-1
    )
    # Add the Data Feed to Cerebro
    cerebro.adddata(brf_min_bar)
    #cerebro.resampledata(brf_min_bar, timeframe=bt.TimeFrame.Days)

    # Add strategy
    cerebro.addstrategy(Par_SAR)
    # 设置初始资本为100,000
    cerebro.broker.setcash(1000000.0) 

    # 设置期货佣金模式
    cerebro.broker.setcommission(commission=0.0001, margin=2800.0, mult=10.0)

    cerebro.run()

以上佣金设置,实际上使用了backtrader内置的佣金类CommInfoBase,该类可设置的参数如下。当然,多数参数采用默认值即可,无需设置,如以上案例,只设置了3个参数,其他都是默认值。以下参数中的leverage,可能与期货也有关系。另外,该类也可以考虑借款利息。

Params:

  • commission (def: 0.0): base commission value in percentage or monetary units
  • mult (def 1.0): multiplier applied to the asset for value/profit
  • margin (def: None): amount of monetary units needed to open/hold an operation. It only applies if the final _stocklike attribute in the class is set to False
  • automargin (def: False): Used by the method get_margin to automatically calculate the margin/guarantees needed with the following policy
    • Use param margin if param automargin evaluates to False
    • Use param mult and use mult * price if automargin < 0
    • Use param automargin and use automargin * price if automargin > 0

 

  • commtype (def: None): Supported values are CommInfoBase.COMM_PERC (commission to be understood as %) and CommInfoBase.COMM_FIXED (commission to be understood as monetary units)
    The default value of None is a supported value to retain compatibility with the legacy CommissionInfo object. If commtype is set to None, then the following applies:
    • margin is None: Internal _commtype is set to COMM_PERC and _stocklike is set to True (Operating %-wise with Stocks)
    • margin is not None_commtype set to COMM_FIXED and _stocklike set to False (Operating with fixed rount-trip commission with Futures)

If this param is set to something else than None, then it will be passed to the internal _commtype attribute and the same will be done with the param stocklike and the internal attribute _stocklike

  • stocklike (def: False): Indicates if the instrument is Stock-like or Futures-like (see the commtype discussion above)
  • percabs (def: False): when commtype is set to COMM_PERC, whether the parameter commission has to be understood as XX% or 0.XX
    If this param is True: 0.XX If this param is False: XX%
  • interest (def: 0.0)
    If this is non-zero, this is the yearly interest charged for holding a short selling position. This is mostly meant for stock short-selling
    The formula: days * price * abs(size) * (interest / 365)
    It must be specified in absolute terms: 0.05 -> 5%
    Note
    the behavior can be changed by overriding the method: _get_credit_interest
  • interest_long (def: False)
    Some products like ETFs get charged on interest for short and long positions. If ths is True and interest is non-zero the interest will be charged on both directions
  • leverage (def: 1.0)
    Amount of leverage for the asset with regards to the needed cash

另外,backtrader还允许将不同到期日的期货合约滚动拼接起来形成连续期货(The RollOver Data Feed),例子如下

import backtrader as bt

cerebro = bt.Cerebro()
data0 = bt.feeds.MyFeed(dataname='Expiry0')
data1 = bt.feeds.MyFeed(dataname='Expiry1')
...
dataN = bt.feeds.MyFeed(dataname='ExpiryN')

drollover = bt.feeds.RollOver(data0, data1, ..., dataN, dataname='MyRoll', **kwargs)
cerebro.adddata(drollover)

cerebro.run()

RollOver类有两个参数控制如何拼接合约,checkdate和 checkcondition。详细描述参考 Data Feeds - Rollover - Backtrader

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