C语言单链表学习

2023-10-16 21:10:58

单链表
链表是一种常见的基础数据结构，链表的出现很大程度上弥补了数组的先天不足。链表是结构体变量和结构体变量连接在一起

单链表和数组相比较，单链表插入指定位置的效率要比数组高很多。

链表的一个结点拥有信息域（head）和指针域

单链表结点的声明

#include <stdio.h>
struct Book
{
	char title[128];
	char author[40];
	struct Book* next;
};
int main(void)
{
	return 0;
}

动态申请一个链表（动态内存申请+模块化设计）
（1）创建链表（创建一个表头表示整个链表）
（2）创建结点
（3）插入结点
（4）删除结点
（5）打印遍历链表（测试）
创建一个简单的单链表：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node
{
	int data;			//数据域
	struct Node* next;	//指针域
};
struct Node*creatlist()
{
	struct Node* headNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	headNode->next = NULL;
	return headNode;
};
int main(void)
{
	struct Node* lis = creatlist();
	return 0;
}

然后为链表创建结点

struct Node*creatNode(int data)
{
	struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	newNode->data = data;
	newNode->next = NULL;
	return newNode;
};

在单链表中插入元素（头插法）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node
{
	int data;			//数据域
	struct Node* next;	//指针域
};
struct Node*creatlist()
{
	struct Node* headNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	headNode->next = NULL;
	return headNode;
};
struct Node*creatNode(int data)
{
	struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	newNode->data = data;
	newNode->next = NULL;
	return newNode;
};
void printList(struct Node* headNode)
{
	struct Node* pMove = headNode->next;
	while (pMove)
	{
		printf("%d", pMove->data);
		pMove = pMove->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
}
void insertNodeByHead(struct Node* headNode, int data)
{
	//创建插入的结点
	struct Node* newNode = creatNode(data);
	newNode->next = headNode->next;
	headNode->next = newNode;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct Node* list = creatlist();
	insertNodeByHead(list, 1);
	insertNodeByHead(list, 2);
	insertNodeByHead(list, 3);
	printList(list);
	return 0;
}

C语言单链表学习

链表的删除（指定位置删除）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node
{
	int data;			//数据域
	struct Node* next;	//指针域
};
struct Node*creatlist()
{
	struct Node* headNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	headNode->next = NULL;
	return headNode;
};
struct Node*creatNode(int data)
{
	struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
	newNode->data = data;
	newNode->next = NULL;
	return newNode;
};
void printList(struct Node* headNode)
{
	struct Node* pMove = headNode->next;
	while (pMove)
	{
		printf("%d\t", pMove->data);
		pMove = pMove->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
}
void insertNodeByHead(struct Node* headNode, int data)
{
	//创建插入的结点
	struct Node* newNode = creatNode(data);
	newNode->next = headNode->next;
	headNode->next = newNode;
}
void deleteNodeByAppin(struct Node* headNode, int posData)
{
	struct Node* posNode = headNode->next;
	struct Node* posNodeFront = headNode;
	if (posNode==NULL)
	{
		printf("链表为空，无法删除\n");
	}
	else
	{
		while (posNode->next != posNode)
		{
			posNodeFront = posNode;
			posNode = posNodeFront->next;
			if (posNode==NULL)
			{
				printf("没有相关信息，无法删除\n");
				return;
			}
		}
		posNodeFront->next = posNode->next;
		free(posNode);
	}

}
int main(void)
{
	struct Node* list = creatlist();
	insertNodeByHead(list, 1);
	insertNodeByHead(list, 2);
	insertNodeByHead(list, 3);
	printList(list);
	deleteNodeByAppin(list, 4);
	printList(list);
	return 0;
}

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