Centos磁盘RAID5备份冗余

创建raid5分区


1、
分区:fdisk /dev/sdb
n:创建分区
t:更改分区类型(fd)
w:保存分区
[root@compute ~]# lsblk
NAME                                            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                                               8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1                                            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2                                            8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root                                 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap                                 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home                                 253:2    0 41.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb                                               8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1                                            8:17   0  9.3G  0 part 
│ ├─cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool_tmeta 253:3    0   12M  0 lvm  
│ │ └─cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool     253:5    0  8.9G  0 lvm  
│ └─cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool_tdata 253:4    0  8.9G  0 lvm  
│   └─cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool     253:5    0  8.9G  0 lvm  
└─sdb2                                            8:18   0  9.3G  0 part 
sdc                                               8:32   0    1G  0 disk 
sdd                                               8:48   0    1G  0 disk 
sde                                               8:64   0    1G  0 disk 
sdf                                               8:80   0    1G  0 disk 
sr0                                              11:0    1  4.2G  0 rom  
[root@compute ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4d912b22.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n  ##新添加一个分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p  #扩展分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): 
Using default value 2097151
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1023 MiB is set

Command (m for help): t    #改变分区格式为fd,fd也就是raid分区的模式
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'

Command (m for help): w  #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2、
安装raid工具
yum -y install mdadm

[root@compute ~]# yum -y install mdadm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3、
创建raid5
-n 磁盘数量
-l 级别

[root@compute ~]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md5 -n3 -l5 /dev/sd[c-e]1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4、查看raid详细信息
mdadm -D /dev/md5
[root@compute ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Oct 29 13:00:50 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2091008 (2042.00 MiB 2141.19 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1045504 (1021.00 MiB 1070.60 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri Oct 29 13:00:56 2021
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 3

   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : compute:5  (local to host compute)
              UUID : ad78ce89:6d8e64e9:5abc0815:971660b5
            Events : 18
    
    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       3       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5、格式化raid5
[root@compute bin]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5
6、挂载使用
[root@compute mnt]# mount /dev/md5 /mnt/disk5

RAID5冗余备份与数据灾难恢复

1、添加一块磁盘(1GB),分区,创建文件系统(过程同上,不做赘述)
[root@compute disk5]# lsblk | grep sdf
sdf                                                                        8:80   0    1G  0 disk  
└─sdf1                                                                     8:81   0 1023M  0 part  
2、热备一块磁盘
[root@compute ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sdf1 
mdadm: added /dev/sdf1
[root@compute ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5 
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Oct 29 13:00:50 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2091008 (2042.00 MiB 2141.19 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1045504 (1021.00 MiB 1070.60 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri Oct 29 14:10:04 2021
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : compute:5  (local to host compute)
              UUID : ad78ce89:6d8e64e9:5abc0815:971660b5
            Events : 19

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       3       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
       
————》》 4       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1

3、模拟磁盘损坏(停用其中一块磁盘)
[root@compute ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -f /dev/sde1 
mdadm: set /dev/sde1 faulty in /dev/md5
[root@compute ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5 
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Oct 29 13:00:50 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2091008 (2042.00 MiB 2141.19 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1045504 (1021.00 MiB 1070.60 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri Oct 29 14:15:06 2021
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 1
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : compute:5  (local to host compute)
              UUID : ad78ce89:6d8e64e9:5abc0815:971660b5
            Events : 38

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       4       8       81        2      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       3       8       65        -      faulty   /dev/sde1
4、移除损坏的磁盘或移除热备份磁盘
[root@compute lost+found]# mdadm /dev/md5 -r /dev/sde1 
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sde1 from /dev/md5
[root@compute lost+found]# mdadm -D /dev/md5 
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Oct 29 13:00:50 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 2091008 (2042.00 MiB 2141.19 MB)
     Used Dev Size : 1045504 (1021.00 MiB 1070.60 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri Oct 29 14:16:53 2021
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : compute:5  (local to host compute)
              UUID : ad78ce89:6d8e64e9:5abc0815:971660b5
            Events : 39

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       4       8       81        2      active sync   /dev/sdf1
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