我们通过继承JsonMediaTypeFormatter定义了如下一个JsonpMediaTypeFormatter类型。它的只读属性Callback代表JavaScript回调函数名称，改属性在构造函数中指定。在重写的方法WriteToStreamAsync中，对于非JSONP调用（回调函数不存在），我们直接调用基类的同名方法对响应对象实施针对JSON的序列化，否则调用WriteToStream方法将对象序列化后的JSON字符串填充到JavaScript回调函数中。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Net.Http.Formatting; using System.Net.Http.Headers; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Web; using Newtonsoft.Json; namespace MvcApplication2.Attributes { public class JsonpMediaTypeFormatter : JsonMediaTypeFormatter { public string Callback { get; private set; } public JsonpMediaTypeFormatter(string callback = null) { this.Callback = callback; } public override Task WriteToStreamAsync(Type type, object value, Stream writeStream, HttpContent content, TransportContext transportContext) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Callback)) { return base.WriteToStreamAsync(type, value, writeStream, content, transportContext); } try { this.WriteToStream(type, value, writeStream, content); return Task.FromResult<AsyncVoid>(new AsyncVoid()); } catch (Exception exception) { TaskCompletionSource<AsyncVoid> source = new TaskCompletionSource<AsyncVoid>(); source.SetException(exception); return source.Task; } } private void WriteToStream(Type type, object value, Stream writeStream, HttpContent content) { JsonSerializer serializer = JsonSerializer.Create(this.SerializerSettings); using (StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(writeStream, this.SupportedEncodings.First())) using (JsonTextWriter jsonTextWriter = new JsonTextWriter(streamWriter) {CloseOutput = false}) { jsonTextWriter.WriteRaw(this.Callback + "("); serializer.Serialize(jsonTextWriter, value); jsonTextWriter.WriteRaw(")"); } } public override MediaTypeFormatter GetPerRequestFormatterInstance(Type type, HttpRequestMessage request, MediaTypeHeaderValue mediaType) { if (request.Method != HttpMethod.Get) { return this; } string callback; if (request.GetQueryNameValuePairs().ToDictionary(pair => pair.Key, pair => pair.Value).TryGetValue("callback", out callback)) { return new JsonpMediaTypeFormatter(callback); } return this; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 1)] private struct AsyncVoid { } } }
我们重写了GetPerRequestFormatterInstance方法，在默认情况下，当ASP.NET Web API采用内容协商机制选择出与当前请求相匹配的MediaTypeFormatter后，会调用此方法来创建真正用于序列化响应结果的MediaTypeFormatter对象。在重写的这个GetPerRequestFormatterInstance方法中，我们尝试从请求的URL中得到携带的JavaScript回调函数名称，即一个名为“callback”的查询字符串。如果回调函数名不存在，则直接返回自身，否则返回据此创建的JsonpMediaTypeFormatter对象。
将JsonpMediaTypeFormatter的应用到ASP.NET Web API中
现在我们在WebApi应用的Global.asax中利用如下的程序创建这个JsonpMediaTypeFormatter对象并添加当前注册的MediaTypeFormatter列表中。为了让它被优先选择，我们将这个JsonpMediaTypeFormatter对象放在此列表的最前端。
protected void Application_Start() { GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.Insert(0, new JsonpMediaTypeFormatter()); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles); }
在ASP.NET MVC中调用：
<script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $("#btnTest").click(function() { $.ajax({ Type : "GET", url: "http://localhost:6120/api/values/5", dataType : "jsonp", success: function(data) { alert(data); } }); }); }); </script> <input type="button" value="click" id="btnTest" />