Linux 关于LVM使用

yum provides "/*/pvcreate"    #根据命令pvcreate搜索软件包
yum install -y lvm2       #安装lvm工具
partprobe                                  #更新分区表
vgremove                                   #删除卷组
pvcreate                                     #创建物理卷
pvs  或者 pvdisplay                   #查看物理卷
vgcreate                                     #创建卷组
vgs  或者 vgdisplay                   #查看卷组
lvcreate                                      #创建逻辑卷
lvs   或者 lvdisplay                    #查看逻辑卷
lvresize -L                                  #扩容逻辑卷指定逻辑卷的大小
e2fsck -f                                    #检查磁盘错误
r esize2fs                             #更新磁盘信息
xfs_growfs                                  #XFS文件系统更新磁盘信息
vgextend                                   #扩容卷组
1.PE   (Physical Extend) 物理拓展
2.PV   (Physical Volume) 物理卷
3.VG   (Volume Group) 卷组
4.LV   (Logical Volume) 逻辑卷

PV(physical volume)即物理卷,就是物理磁盘,可以通过fdisk -l 查看操作系统有几块硬盘

VG(volume group)即卷组,就是一组物理磁盘的组合,里面可以有一块硬盘也可以有多块硬盘

LV(logical volume)及逻辑卷,就是在VG(指定的物理磁盘组)里面划分出来的

可以说成是PV就是硬盘,而VG就是管理硬盘的操作系统,而LV就是操作系统分出来的各个分区.

PV->VG->LV->  文件系统使用(挂载到某个目录)

1.PV

pvcreate :根据物理盘,创建pv

pvscan :查询目前系统里的pv

pvdisplay:显示pv的状态

pvremove:将pv属性移除


2.VG

vgcreate:创建vg

vgscan:查找当前系统里面的vg

vgdisplay:显示当前系统vg的状态

vgextend:给vg添加额外的pv

vgreduce:在vg内删除pv

vgchange:设置vg是否是启动状态(active)

vgremove:删除一个vg

 

3.LV


lvcreate:创建lv

lvscan:查询当前系统的lv

lvdisplay:显示lv的属性

lvextend:给lv添加容量

lvredurce:给lv减少容量

lvremove:删除一个lv

lvresize:对lv大小的容量进行调整

下面用一个实例进行相关的说明

1、查看目前机器中的物理卷

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p3
  VG Name               pve
  PV Size               1.09 TiB / not usable <4.57 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              286031
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          286031
  PV UUID               OnFbfV-nlH5-9FHZ-yQbg-Ed3s-IYMA-pcwEkP

  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda1
  VG Name               pve
  PV Size               <1.82 TiB / not usable <4.09 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              476931
  Free PE               198401
  Allocated PE          278530
  PV UUID               OlKxiJ-a9xY-Z9B7-PsJ7-uGWP-jFL3-C1Xhjj

 

2、查看对应的卷组

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               pve
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  11
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               2.91 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              762962
  Alloc PE / Size       564561 / 2.15 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       198401 / 775.00 GiB
  VG UUID               xh2x4j-B6OA-4HoT-WbfG-Y3yk-yd4r-XNEWsu

3、查看目前分区情况

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                F8FfzL-2vPa-xxxxfd-meHS-NgpQe7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-10-14 18:17:59 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                8.00 GiB
  Current LE             2048
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                cm1sAU-nLD9-ZxxxFn-1YGU-mkXg-t4SNGx
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-10-14 18:17:59 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                1.17 TiB
  Current LE             307200
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                tGoJcb-Tb5s-lCxxxx1il8-RCY0-VoANVw
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-10-14 18:17:59 +0800
  LV Pool metadata       data_tmeta
  LV Pool data           data_tdata
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                977.36 GiB
  Allocated pool data    0.00%
  Allocated metadata     0.20%
  Current LE             250205
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:4

4、查看目前系统磁盘空间占用情况

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                   63G     0   63G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  13G  1.4G   12G  11% /run
/dev/mapper/pve-root  1.2T   94G  1.1T   9% /
tmpfs                  63G   49M   63G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                  63G     0   63G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p2        511M  312K  511M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/fuse              30M   16K   30M   1% /etc/pve
tmpfs                  13G     0   13G   0% /run/user/0

5、 创建pv

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvcreate /dev/sde1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sde1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sde1.
  Physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully created.

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/nvme0n1p3
VG Name pve
PV Size 1.09 TiB / not usable <4.57 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 286031
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 286031
PV UUID OnFbfV-nlH5-9xxxxx-Ed3s-IYMA-pcwEkP

--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda1
VG Name pve
PV Size <1.82 TiB / not usable <4.09 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 476931
Free PE 198401
Allocated PE 278530
PV UUID OlKxiJ-a9xY-xxxxsJ7-uGWP-jFL3-C1Xhjj

"/dev/sde1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 TiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---  (新创建的)
PV Name /dev/sde1 
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 TiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID FUe3oA-Rhch-qASr-xxxx-ICOx-SPm5-qplsHk

可以看到标红的为新创建的

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvscan
  PV /dev/nvme0n1p3   VG pve             lvm2 [1.09 TiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/sda1        VG pve             lvm2 [<1.82 TiB / 775.00 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sde1                           lvm2 [1.00 TiB]
  Total: 3 [3.91 TiB] / in use: 2 [2.91 TiB] / in no VG: 1 [1.00 TiB]

6、创建vg

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# vgcreate kycx-data /dev/sde1
  Volume group "kycx-data" successfully created
root@pve107:/dev/mapper# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               kycx-data   (新添加的)
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <1024.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              262143
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       262143 / <1024.00 GiB
  VG UUID               J6RHFO-xz3S-xxxxOk-6yOe-YRvr-p9Pk5Q

  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               pve
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  11
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               2.91 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              762962
  Alloc PE / Size       564561 / 2.15 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       198401 / 775.00 GiB
  VG UUID               xh2x4j-BxxxxWbfG-Y3yk-yd4r-XNEWsu



root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvscan
PV /dev/sde1 VG kycx-data lvm2 [<1024.00 GiB / <1024.00 GiB free]
PV /dev/nvme0n1p3 VG pve lvm2 [1.09 TiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sda1 VG pve lvm2 [<1.82 TiB / 775.00 GiB free]
Total: 3 [3.91 TiB] / in use: 3 [3.91 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

7、给新建的vg 扩容

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]:
  WARNING: Invalid input ‘‘.
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
root@pve107:/dev/mapper# pvscan
  PV /dev/sde1        VG kycx-data       lvm2 [<1024.00 GiB / <1024.00 GiB free]
  PV /dev/nvme0n1p3   VG pve             lvm2 [1.09 TiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/sda1        VG pve             lvm2 [<1.82 TiB / 775.00 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb1                           lvm2 [<1.82 TiB]
  Total: 4 [<5.73 TiB] / in use: 3 [3.91 TiB] / in no VG: 1 [<1.82 TiB]
root@pve107:/dev/mapper# vgextend kycx-data /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "kycx-data" successfully extended
root@pve107:/dev/mapper# vgdisplay kycx-data
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               kycx-data
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <2.82 TiB  (发现vg的容量变大)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              739074
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       739074 / <2.82 TiB
  VG UUID               J6RHFO-xz3S-Vsqxxxxvr-p9Pk5Q

8、创建lv 并挂载

root@pve107:/dev/mapper# lvscan
  ACTIVE            /dev/pve/swap [8.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            /dev/pve/root [1.17 TiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            /dev/pve/data [977.36 GiB] inherit
root@pve107:/dev/mapper#  lvcreate -n kycx-test -L 2000G kycx-data
  Logical volume "kycx-test" created.
root@pve107:/dev/mapper# lvscan
  ACTIVE            /dev/kycx-data/kycx-test [1.95 TiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            /dev/pve/swap [8.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            /dev/pve/root [1.17 TiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            /dev/pve/data [977.36 GiB] inherit
root@pve107:/dev/mapper#

9、创建目录 对逻辑卷进行挂载

root@pve107:~# mkdir kycx-dir107
root@pve107:~# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/kycx-data/kycx-test
mke2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Creating filesystem with 524288000 4k blocks and 131072000 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1e0ce787-5d83-4616-82d2-0906438e7d54
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting info

root@pve107:~/kycx-dir107# mount /dev/kycx-data/kycx-test /root/kycx-dir107
root@pve107:~/kycx-dir107# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                                63G     0   63G   0% /dev
tmpfs                               13G  1.4G   12G  11% /run
/dev/mapper/pve-root               1.2T   94G  1.1T   9% /
tmpfs                               63G   52M   63G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                               63G     0   63G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p2                     511M  312K  511M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/fuse                           30M   16K   30M   1% /etc/pve
tmpfs                               13G     0   13G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/kycx--data-kycx--test  2.0T   81M  1.9T   1% /root/kycx-dir107

 

10、删除逻辑卷

root@pve107:~# lvremove -f /dev/kycx-data/kycx-test
  Logical volume kycx-data/kycx-test contains a filesystem in use.

-- 因为挂载了目录所以需要要解除挂载
umount /dev/kycx-data/kycx-test

root@pve107:~# lvremove -f /dev/kycx-data/kycx-test
  Logical volume "kycx-test" successfully removed
root@pve107:~# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                F8FfzL-2vPa-TuiB-0j6v-qwfd-meHS-NgpQe7
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-10-14 18:17:59 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                8.00 GiB
  Current LE             2048
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                cm1sAU-nLD9-Zobj-7SFn-1YGU-mkXg-t4SNGx
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-10-14 18:17:59 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                1.17 TiB
  Current LE             307200
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                tGoJcb-Tb5s-lCn5-3GsT-1il8-RCY0-VoANVw
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-10-14 18:17:59 +0800
  LV Pool metadata       data_tmeta
  LV Pool data           data_tdata
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                977.36 GiB
  Allocated pool data    0.00%
  Allocated metadata     0.20%
  Current LE             250205
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:4

#新创建的 lv 被删除

11、删除 卷组

root@pve107:~# vgremove /dev/kycx-data
  Volume group "kycx-data" successfully removed
root@pve107:~# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               pve
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  11
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               2.91 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              762962
  Alloc PE / Size       564561 / 2.15 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       198401 / 775.00 GiB
  VG UUID               xh2x4j-B6OA-4HoT-WbfG-Y3yk-yd4r-XNEWsu

 

Linux 关于LVM使用

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