导读]这个例子讲解的是Struts2的Hello 例子。本文的整合的环境是:1.Maven 32.Eclipse 3.73.Struts 2.3.1.21.项目结构图:本文的最终结构图如下所示,防止你跟不上后面的步骤2.添加Struts2依赖使用Maven需要添加Struts2依赖,在pom.xml文件里需要添加“struts2-core”pom.xml文件内容如下所示:<project xmlns="...
这个例子讲解的是Struts2的Hello 例子。
本文的整合的环境是:
1.Maven 3
2.Eclipse 3.7
3.Struts 2.3.1.2
1.项目结构图:
本文的最终结构图如下所示,防止你跟不上后面的步骤
2.添加Struts2依赖
使用Maven需要添加Struts2依赖,在pom.xml文件里需要添加“struts2-core”
pom.xml文件内容如下所示:
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
< modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion >
< groupId >com.mkyong.common</ groupId >
< artifactId >Struts2Example</ artifactId >
< packaging >war</ packaging >
< version >com.mkyong.common</ version >
< name >Struts2Example Maven Webapp</ name >
< dependencies >
< dependency >
< groupId >junit</ groupId >
< artifactId >junit</ artifactId >
< version >3.8.1</ version >
< scope >test</ scope >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >org.apache.struts</ groupId >
< artifactId >struts2-core</ artifactId >
< version >2.3.1.2</ version >
</ dependency >
</ dependencies >
< build >
< finalName >Struts2Example</ finalName >
< plugins >
< plugin >
< artifactId >maven-compiler-plugin</ artifactId >
< version >2.3.2</ version >
< configuration >
< source >1.6</ source >
< target >1.6</ target >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
</ plugins >
</ build >
</ project >
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3.转换到Eclipse项目
编译并转换到Eclipse Web项目需要执行如下命令提示符:
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mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion=2.0 |
复查Eclipse的classpath文件,下面的Struts2的依赖关系被下载:
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< classpath >
< classpathentry kind = "src" path = "src/main/java" including = "**/*.java" />
< classpathentry kind = "src" path = "src/main/resources" excluding = "**/*.java" />
< classpathentry kind = "output" path = "target/classes" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/asm/asm/3.3/asm-3.3.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/asm/asm-commons/3.3/asm-commons-3.3.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/asm/asm-tree/3.3/asm-tree-3.3.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload/1.2.2/commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/commons-io/commons-io/2.0.1/commons-io-2.0.1.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.5/commons-lang-2.5.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/org/freemarker/freemarker/2.3.18/freemarker-2.3.18.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/javassist/javassist/3.11.0.GA/javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/junit/junit/3.8.1/junit-3.8.1.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/ognl/ognl/3.0.4/ognl-3.0.4.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/org/apache/struts/struts2-core/2.3.1.2/struts2-core-2.3.1.2.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "lib" path = "C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_13/lib/tools.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "var" path = "M2_REPO/org/apache/struts/xwork/xwork-core/2.3.1.2/xwork-core-2.3.1.2.jar" />
< classpathentry kind = "con" path = "org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER" />
</ classpath >
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4.JSP页面
下面的登陆页面用的是Struts2标签,里面包含一个用户名,密码和一个提交按钮
login.jsp
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<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> < html >
< head ></ head >
< body >
< h1 >Struts 2 Hello World Example</ h1 >
< s:form action = "Welcome" >
< s:textfield name = "username" label = "Username" />
< s:password name = "password" label = "Password" />
< s:submit />
</ s:form >
</ body >
</ html >
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welcome_user.jsp ,这个页面是给用户展示欢迎信息
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<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> < html >
< head ></ head >
< body >
< h1 >Struts 2 Hello World Example</ h1 >
< h4 >
Hello
< s:property value = "username" />
</ h4 >
</ body >
</ html >
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Struts1和Struts2的标签语法非常相似,仅仅是标签的命名上有点小区别,例如:
Struts1如下所示:
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<%@taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html"%> < html:form action = "Welcome" >
< html:text property = "username" />
</ html:form >
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Struts2如下所示:
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<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> < s:form action = "Welcome" >
< s:textfield name = "username" label = "Username" />
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5.Action-把所有的业务逻辑放在这儿
这是一个简单的Struts2 Action类,这里用来处理所有的业务逻辑。
WelcomeUserAction.java
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package com.mkyong.user.action;
public class WelcomeUserAction{
private String username;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this .username = username;
}
// all struts logic here
public String execute() {
return "SUCCESS" ;
}
} |
在Struts2中,需要实现任何接口或者任何父类,但是它需要创建一个execute()方法用来处理所有的业务逻辑并返回一个String类型的值用来告诉用户跳转到哪儿去。
注意1:你也许看到有些开发者实现了com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action类,但是它不是必须需要实现的类,因为这个类只是提供了几个常量而已
注意2:Struts1是必须实现com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action类的,但是Struts2是可选的,你也可以实现com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action类去使用一些常量或者你可以继承com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport去使用某些默认的通用的值
5.Struts2配置文件
Struts2的配置文件用来配置把所有的东西组装在一起,这个xml文件名必须为“struts.xml”
Struts.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" < struts >
< package name = "user" namespace = "/User" extends = "struts-default" >
< action name = "Login" >
< result >pages/login.jsp</ result >
</ action >
< action name = "Welcome" class = "com.mkyong.user.action.WelcomeUserAction" >
< result name = "SUCCESS" >pages/welcome_user.jsp</ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >
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这里面配置了包名和Action类名,Action类名你也许很熟悉,但你也许会对下面的新标签感兴趣:
1.包名name=”user”
只是一个包名而已,不用太在意
2.命名空间namespace=”/User”
它用来匹配“/User”路径
3.继承包名 extends=”struts-default”
它的意思是集成struts-default的组件和拦截器,它声明在struts-default.xml文件里,这个文件存放在struts2-core.jar
文件里
6.Web.xml文件
在你的项目的web.xml文件里配置Struts2
web.xml
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!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
< web-app >
< display-name >Struts 2 Web Application</ display-name >
< filter >
< filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name >struts2</ filter-name >
< url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
</ web-app >
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7.运行
在struts2里,访问这个Action类你可以添加“.action”扩展名
ttp://localhost:8080/Struts2Example/User/Login.action
http://localhost:8080/Struts2Example/User/Welcome.action