vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php
Application是laravel的核心容器，几乎处理所有东西的时候都需要用到，主要功能有：
1. app首先继承了container，作为一个容器类存在
2。注册了laravel运行过程的需要的基础类进容器，并且生成了运行需要的实例。承担了初始化功能。
这里需要额外说一下，app里面说的所谓注册，不是指绑定，应该是直接直接实例化了，并注入到容器。但是，针对provider，实例化了provider，并运行了，并不会生成实际的类，而是将类绑定。
3. 额外提供了更方便的一些功能，主要是与程序的环境相关的，比如：provider处理运行是在这里，config app里面的配置就在本类读取并处理。
具体功能如下：
1. container的功能就不说了，前面微博已经描述这个了。
2. 注册程序运行中需要的最基础的类
在 __construct：构造函数中处理：
if ($basePath) {
$this->setBasePath($basePath);
}
$this->registerBaseBindings();
$this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
$this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
setBasePath 基本路径添加进容器实例，这也是这绝大多数框架里面都需要做都事情，防止出现相对绝对等各种路径使用时候的混乱，总共添加了这么多：
$this->instance('path', $this->path());
$this->instance('path.base', $this->basePath());
$this->instance('path.lang', $this->langPath());
$this->instance('path.config', $this->configPath());
$this->instance('path.public', $this->publicPath());
$this->instance('path.storage', $this->storagePath());
$this->instance('path.database', $this->databasePath());
$this->instance('path.resources', $this->resourcePath());
$this->instance('path.bootstrap', $this->bootstrapPath());
registerBaseBindings
注册基本绑定，添加app本身进容器实例，然后，PackageManifest添加进容器实例，本功能可以处理一些默认的provider和aliases，本功能后续展开描述。
registerBaseServiceProviders
注册基本的Providers，包括event／log／router 这三部分
event：vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Events/EventServiceProvider.php
log：vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Log/LogServiceProvider.php
router：vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/RoutingServiceProvider.php
router的provider跟别的不一样，提供了多个相关绑定：router url redirect Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\ResponseFactory Illuminate\Routing\Contracts\ControllerDispatcher
registerCoreContainerAliases 注册一些核心的别名，包括：
'app' => [\Illuminate\Foundation\Application::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application::class, \Psr\Container\ContainerInterface::class],
'auth' => [\Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory::class],
'auth.driver' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard::class],
'blade.compiler' => [\Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::class],
'cache' => [\Illuminate\Cache\CacheManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Factory::class],
'cache.store' => [\Illuminate\Cache\Repository::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository::class],
'config' => [\Illuminate\Config\Repository::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Config\Repository::class],
'cookie' => [\Illuminate\Cookie\CookieJar::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\QueueingFactory::class],
'encrypter' => [\Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter::class],
'db' => [\Illuminate\Database\DatabaseManager::class],
'db.connection' => [\Illuminate\Database\Connection::class, \Illuminate\Database\ConnectionInterface::class],
'events' => [\Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher::class],
'files' => [\Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem::class],
'filesystem' => [\Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory::class],
'filesystem.disk' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Filesystem::class],
'filesystem.cloud' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Cloud::class],
'hash' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Hashing\Hasher::class],
'translator' => [\Illuminate\Translation\Translator::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Translation\Translator::class],
'log' => [\Illuminate\Log\Writer::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Logging\Log::class, \Psr\Log\LoggerInterface::class],
'mailer' => [\Illuminate\Mail\Mailer::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailer::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\MailQueue::class],
'auth.password' => [\Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBrokerManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBrokerFactory::class],
'auth.password.broker' => [\Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBroker::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker::class],
'queue' => [\Illuminate\Queue\QueueManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Monitor::class],
'queue.connection' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Queue::class],
'queue.failer' => [\Illuminate\Queue\Failed\FailedJobProviderInterface::class],
'redirect' => [\Illuminate\Routing\Redirector::class],
'redis' => [\Illuminate\Redis\RedisManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\Factory::class],
'request' => [\Illuminate\Http\Request::class, \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::class],
'router' => [\Illuminate\Routing\Router::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\Registrar::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\BindingRegistrar::class],
'session' => [\Illuminate\Session\SessionManager::class],
'session.store' => [\Illuminate\Session\Store::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Session\Session::class],
'url' => [\Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\UrlGenerator::class],
'validator' => [\Illuminate\Validation\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Factory::class],
'view' => [\Illuminate\View\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory::class],
所以，初始化之后的app里面的内容如下：
bindings 里面有如下内容：
events
log
router
url
redirect
Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface
Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface
Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\ResponseFactory
Illuminate\Routing\Contracts\ControllerDispatcher
总结一下，application初始化的时候，就干了这么几个事情：
1. 定位自己，确定文件运行的相关目录
2. 把自己扔进容器，把用来引用其他代码的package类实例化进容器。
3. log／event／router 三大基本功能提高provider
4. 绑定别名，当然，许多别名，这这个时候，实际上是无效的。因为根本没绑定到实际类，估计是为了占空。
在container之外扩展的功能：
1. 启动时额外提供的初始化功能，并且添加了相关事件的注册，主要函数bootstrapWith。
添加事件 bootstrapping bootstrapped 并且注册外面类提供的所有初始化功能。准备程序运行的参数和环境的注入。
2. registerConfiguredProviders 函数，读取app.providers里面定义的provider，并注册。
3. provider的处理，主要函数，register（注册provider），boot等。
4. 延迟加载deferredServices，延迟加载的provider，只是注册进container，但是，并不实例化provider，只有调用相关类的时候，才会运行provider进行注册。
5.handle 直接调用kernel处理request，也是针对网络访问的一个出口函数。
app在container之外，添加了provider的概念，添加了request相关处理的概念，将container包装成了一个处理网络请求的新container。
instances里面有如下内容：
path::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/app
path.base::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api
path.lang::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/resources/lang
path.config::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/config
path.public::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/public
path.storage::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/storage
path.database::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/database
path.resources::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/resources
path.bootstrap::/Users/yuxuezhong/git/webservice/api/bootstrap
app::Illuminate\Foundation\Application
Illuminate\Container\Container::Illuminate\Foundation\Application
Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest::Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest