Computer is a tool to process and display the information. As it known to all, Computer can only process binary data. In order to display informations, Computer needs a method to convert digital data to characters.
The first computer was constructed by Americans.So, at the early era of the computer development history, Computers only need to display English letter, digits and punctuation marks. In 1967, American National Standard Institute published a encoding standard called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) to map certain digit pattern to certain character.