读写锁ReadWriteLock和缓存实例

读写锁:多个读锁不互斥,读锁与写锁互斥,写锁与写锁互斥。即:读的时候不允许写,写的时候不允许读,可以同时读。
     synchronized关键字和普通的Lock构造的锁,会造成读与读之间的互斥,因此读写锁可提高性能。
 
例子1:三个线程同时对一个共享数据进行读写。
 
 import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class ReadWriteLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Queue queue = new Queue();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
while (true) {
queue.get();
}
} }.start(); new Thread() {
public void run() {
while (true) {
queue.put( new Random().nextInt(10000));
}
} }.start();
} }
} class Queue {
private Object data = null; // 共享数据,只能有一个线程能写该数据,但可以有多个线程同时读该数据。
ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); public void get() {
rwl.readLock().lock();
try {
System. out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to read data!");
Thread. sleep((long) (Math. random() * 1000));
System. out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " have read data :" + data);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
rwl.readLock().unlock();
}
} public void put(Object data) { rwl.writeLock().lock();
try {
System. out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to write data!");
Thread. sleep((long) (Math. random() * 1000));
this.data = data;
System. out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " have write data: " + data);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
rwl.writeLock().unlock();
} }
}
例子2:缓存实例
 import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class CacheDemo { private static Map<String, Object> cache = new HashMap<String, Object>(); private ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); public Object getData(String key) {
// 当线程开始读时,首先开始加上读锁
rwl.readLock().lock();
Object value = null;
try {
value = cache.get(key);
// 判断是否存在值
if (value == null) {
// 在开始写之前,首先要释放读锁,否则写锁无法拿到
rwl.readLock().unlock();
// 获取写锁开始写数据
rwl.writeLock().lock();
try {
// 再次判断该值是否为空,因为如果两个写线程都阻塞在这里,
// 当一个线程被唤醒后value的值为null则进行数据加载,当另外一个线程也被唤醒如果不判断就会执行两次写
if (value == null) {
value = "" ; // query 数据库
cache.put(key, value);
}
} finally {
rwl.writeLock().unlock(); // 释放写锁
}
rwl.readLock().lock(); // 写完之后降级为读锁
}
} finally {
rwl.readLock().unlock(); // 释放读锁
} return value;
} }
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