本文介绍使用cx_freeze和pyinstaller打包python脚本为exe文件
cx_freeze的使用实例
需要使用到的文件wxapp.py, read_file.py, setup.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #file: wxapp.py import wx import os import sys import read_file class Frame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=‘Hello from cx_Freeze‘) panel = wx.Panel(self) closeMeButton = wx.Button(panel, -1, ‘Close Me‘) wx.EVT_BUTTON(self, closeMeButton.GetId(), self.OnCloseMe) wx.EVT_CLOSE(self, self.OnCloseWindow) pushMeButton = wx.Button(panel, -1, ‘Push Me‘) wx.EVT_BUTTON(self, pushMeButton.GetId(), self.OnPushMe) sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) sizer.Add(closeMeButton, flag=wx.ALL, border=20) sizer.Add(pushMeButton, flag=wx.ALL, border=20) panel.SetSizer(sizer) topSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) topSizer.Add(panel, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND) topSizer.Fit(self) def OnCloseMe(self, event): obj = read_file.PrintContent() if getattr(sys, ‘frozen‘, None): path = os.path.dirname(sys.executable) else: path = os.path.dirname(__file__) path = os.path.join(path, "read_file.py") obj.show_content(path) def OnPushMe(self, event): wx.MessageBox(‘I was pushed!‘, ‘Informational message‘) def OnCloseWindow(self, event): self.Destroy() class App(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = Frame() frame.Show(True) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return True app = App(1) app.MainLoop()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #file: read_file.py class PrintContent(object): def show_content(self, path): f = open(path) for line in f: print line f.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #file: setup.py # A simple setup script to create an executable running wxPython. This also # demonstrates the method for creating a Windows executable that does not have # an associated console. # # wxapp.py is a very simple ‘Hello, world‘ type wxPython application # # Run the build process by running the command ‘python setup.py build‘ # # If everything works well you should find a subdirectory in the build # subdirectory that contains the files needed to run the application import sys from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable build_exe_options = {"optimize": 2, "include_files": ["read_file.py"]} base = None if sys.platform == ‘win32‘: base = ‘Win32GUI‘ executables = [Executable(script=‘wxapp.py‘, base=base, targetName="Demo.exe", compress=True, icon="py.ico")] setup(name=‘wxapp‘, version=‘0.1‘, description=‘Sample cx_Freeze wxPython script‘, options = {"build_exe": build_exe_options}, executables=executables)
打开cmd进入代码所在目录,然后输入:
然后会生成build和dist两个文件夹,build文件夹里存放的是exe可执行文件和所依赖的库,直接把整个文件夹复制给别人就可以通过双击exe文件运行了,dist文件夹下是build文件夹的安装程序,直接传dist文件夹下的安装包给朋友,朋友运行安装包后会得到和build一样的文件夹,路径由用户自己选择
至于setup.py里面的参数选项可以自己去官网查看相应的选项信息
pyinstaller的使用实例
pyinstaller中使用到的文件wxapp.py, file_read.py, wxapp.spec 前两个文件和上面的内容相同
# -*- mode: python -*- #file: wxapp.spec #convert the path(‘E:\\book\\code\\python\\wx\\‘) to your file path a = Analysis([‘E:\\book\\code\\python\\wx\\wxapp.py‘, ‘E:\\book\\code\\python\\wx\\read_file.py‘], pathex=[‘E:\\book\\code\\python\\wx‘], hiddenimports=[], hookspath=None, runtime_hooks=None) pyz = PYZ(a.pure) exe = EXE(pyz, a.scripts, a.binaries, a.zipfiles, a.datas, name=os.path.join(‘dist‘, ‘Demo.exe‘), debug=False, strip=None, upx=True, console=False, icon=‘D:\\PyInstaller-2.1\\xrced.ico‘) collect = COLLECT(exe, [("read_file.py", r"E:\book\code\python\wx\read_file.py", "DATA")], name="dist")
打开cmd,切换到pyinstaller的目录,然后输入如下的命令:
python pyinstaller.py path_of_spec (PS:这里的path_of_spec 替换为你保存的wxapp.spec的绝对路径,可以直接拖拽到cmd中得到路径哦^_^
我这里使用了upx进行压缩,你也可以不使用,具体使用方法见官网说明
执行完成之后会生成wxapp文件夹,wxapp/dist/dist里Demo.exe和read_file.py就是你所需要的文件了
至此,cx_freeze和pyinstaller的两种打包方式就介绍完了,我个人比较喜欢pyinstaller,定制性强、自动搜索模块依赖、可以生成单独的exe文件、官方文档给的详细,缺点不支持py3.x ,但是现在绝大多数都是py2.x的天下。。。
我相信在不久py3.x开始流行的时候pyinstaller会跟进的