应用场景
随着项目的逐渐扩大,日志的增加也变得更快。Log4j是常用的日志记录工具,在有些时候,我们可能需要将Log4j的日志发送到专门用于记录日志的远程服务器,特别是对于稍微大一点的应用。这么做的优点有:
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可以集中管理日志:可以把多台服务器上的日志都发送到一台日志服务器上,方便管理、查看和分析
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可以减轻服务器的开销:日志不在服务器上了,因此服务器有更多可用的磁盘空间
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可以提高服务器的性能:通过异步方式,记录日志时服务器只负责发送消息,不关心日志记录的时间和位置,服务器甚至不关心日志到底有没有记录成功
远程打印日志的原理:项目A需要打印日志,而A调用Log4j来打印日志,Log4j的JMSAppender又给配置的地址(ActiveMQ地址)发送一条JMS消息,此时绑定在Queue上的项目B的监听器发现有消息到来,于是立即唤醒监听器的方法开始输出日志。
本文将使用两个Java项目Product和Logging,其中Product项目就是模拟线上的项目,而Logging项目模拟运行在专用的日志服务器上的项目。说明:本文的例子是在Windows平台下。
安装ActiveMQ
1. 下载:http://activemq.apache.org/download.html
2. 解压后不需要任何配置,进入到bin下对应的系统架构文件夹
3. 双击activemq.bat启动,如果看到类似下面的页面,就代表activemq启动好了:
然后打开浏览器,输入地址:http://localhost:8161进入管理页面,用户名admin,密码admin:
可以点击Manage ActiveMQ broker进入Queue的查看界面。
实战
我用Maven来管理项目,方便维护各种依赖的jar包。先看下项目结构:
项目不复杂,主要是4个文件:pom.xml,Main.java,log4j.properties和jndi.properties
pom.xml中主要是声明项目的依赖包,其余没有什么东西了:
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<!-- Use to call write log methods --> < dependency >
< groupId >log4j</ groupId >
< artifactId >log4j</ artifactId >
< version >1.2.17</ version >
</ dependency >
<!-- Log4j uses this lib --> < dependency >
< groupId >org.slf4j</ groupId >
< artifactId >slf4j-log4j12</ artifactId >
< version >1.7.13</ version >
</ dependency >
<!-- Spring jms lib --> < dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-jms</ artifactId >
< version >4.0.0.RELEASE</ version >
</ dependency >
<!-- ActiveMQ lib --> < dependency >
< groupId >org.apache.activemq</ groupId >
< artifactId >activemq-core</ artifactId >
< version >5.7.0</ version >
</ dependency >
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Main.java:
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package com.demo.product;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
public class Main implements MessageListener {
public Main() throws Exception {
// create consumer and listen queue
ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory =
new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "tcp://localhost:61616" );
Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
connection.start();
//////////////注意这里JMSAppender只支持TopicDestination,下面会说到////////////////
Destination topicDestination = session.createTopic( "logTopic" );
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topicDestination);
consumer.setMessageListener( this );
// log a message
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main. class );
logger.info( "Info Log." );
logger.warn( "Warn Log" );
logger.error( "Error Log." );
// clean up
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
consumer.close();
session.close();
connection.close();
System.exit( 1 );
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new Main();
}
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
// receive log event in your consumer
LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();
System.out.println( "Received log [" + event.getLevel() + "]: " + event.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} |
说明:然后是log4j.properties:
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log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, jms ## Be sure that ActiveMQ messages are not logged to 'jms' appender log4j.logger.org.apache.activemq=INFO, stdout log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %-5p %c - %m%n ## Configure 'jms' appender. You'll also need jndi.properties file in order to make it work log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp://localhost:61616 log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory |
其实按理说只需要这么三个文件就可以了,但是这时候执行会报错:
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javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: logTopic at org.apache.activemq.jndi.ReadOnlyContext.lookup(ReadOnlyContext.java: 235 )
at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.lookup(JMSAppender.java: 245 )
at org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender.activateOptions(JMSAppender.java: 222 )
at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.activate(PropertySetter.java: 307 )
...
at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.<clinit>(ActiveMQPrefetchPolicy.java: 39 )
at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java: 84 )
at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.<init>(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java: 137 )
at com.demo.product.Main.<init>(Main.java: 20 )
at com.demo.product.Main.main(Main.java: 43 )
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为什么会报错呢?来看看JMSAppender的javadoc文档,它是这么描述的:
大意是说,JMSAppender需要一个jndi配置来初始化一个JNDI上下文(Context)。因为有了这个上下文才能管理JMS Topic和topic的连接。于是为项目配置一个叫jndi.properties的文件,其内容为:
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topic.logTopic=logTopic |
然后再运行就不会报错了。我们先来看看ActiveMQ(注意切换到Topic标签页下):
可以看到,主题为logTopic的消息,有3条进Queue,这3条也出Queue了。而出Queue的消息,已经被我们的监听器收到并打印出来了:
Spring整合
需要注意的是,本例只是一个很简单的例子,目的是阐明远程打印日志的原理。实际项目中,一般日志服务器上运行着的,不是项目,而是专用的日志记录器。下面,我们就把这个项目拆分成两个项目,并用Spring来管理这些用到的Bean
修改Product项目
修改后的Product的项目结构并没有改变,改变的只是Main类:
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package com.demo.product;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class Main{
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Main. class );
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// just log a message
logger.info( "Info Log." );
logger.warn( "Warn Log" );
logger.error( "Error Log." );
System.exit( 0 );
}
} |
这个Main类和普通的logger调用一样,仅仅负责打印日志。有没有觉得太简单了呢?
Logging项目
来看看项目结构图:
为了让监听器一直活着,我把Logging写成了一个Web项目,跑在Tomcat上。index.jsp就是个Hello World字符串而已,用来验证Logging活着。注意,在Logging项目中,已没有Product项目中的log4j.properties和jndi.properties两个文件。
来看看另外几个文件:
pom.xml(每个包的目的都写在注释里了):
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<!-- Use to cast object to LogEvent when received a log --> < dependency >
< groupId >log4j</ groupId >
< artifactId >log4j</ artifactId >
< version >1.2.17</ version >
</ dependency >
<!-- Use to receive jms message --> < dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-jms</ artifactId >
< version >4.0.0.RELEASE</ version >
</ dependency >
<!-- Use to load spring.xml --> < dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-web</ artifactId >
< version >4.0.0.RELEASE</ version >
</ dependency >
<!-- ActiveMQ lib --> < dependency >
< groupId >org.apache.activemq</ groupId >
< artifactId >activemq-core</ artifactId >
< version >5.7.0</ version >
</ dependency >
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web.xml
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<! DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
< web-app >
< context-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:spring.xml</ param-value >
</ context-param >
<!-- Use to load spring.xml -->
< listener >
< listener-class >
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</ listener-class >
</ listener >
< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list >
</ web-app >
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spring.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">
< bean id = "jmsTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate" >
< property name = "connectionFactory" ref = "connectionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id = "connectionFactory" class = "org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory" >
< property name = "targetConnectionFactory" ref = "targetConnectionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id = "targetConnectionFactory" class = "org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory" >
< property name = "brokerURL" value = "tcp://localhost:61616" />
</ bean >
<!-- As JMSAppender only support the topic way to send messages, thus queueDestination here is useless.
<bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="queue" />
</bean>
-->
< bean id = "topicDestination" class = "org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic" >
< constructor-arg name = "name" value = "logTopic" />
</ bean >
< bean id = "jmsContainer" class = "org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer" >
< property name = "connectionFactory" ref = "connectionFactory" />
<!-- <property name="destination" ref="queueDestination" /> -->
< property name = "destination" ref = "topicDestination" />
< property name = "messageListener" ref = "logMessageListener" />
</ bean >
< bean id = "logMessageListener" class = "com.demo.logging.LogMessageListener" />
</ beans >
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logMessageListener指向我们自己实现的日志消息处理逻辑类,topicDestination则关注topic为“logTopic”的消息,而jmsContainer把这两个对象绑在一起,这样就能接收并处理消息了。
最后就是伟大的监听器了LogMessageListener了:
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package com.demo.logging;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQObjectMessage;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
public class LogMessageListener implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
// receive log event in your consumer
LoggingEvent event = (LoggingEvent)((ActiveMQObjectMessage)message).getObject();
System.out.println( "Logging project: [" + event.getLevel() + "]: " + event.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} |
哈哈,说伟大,其实太简单了。但是可以看到,监听器里面就是之前Product项目中Main类里面移除的实现了MessageListener接口中的代码。
测试
在执行测试前,删掉ActiveMQ中所有的Queue,确保测试效果。
先运行Logging项目,开始Queue的监听。再运行Product的Main类的main函数,可以先看到Main类打印到控制台的日志:
接下来去看看Queue中的情况:
可以看到有个叫logTopic的主题的消息,进了3条,出了3条。不用想,出Queue的3条日志已经被Logging项目的Listener接收并打印出来了,现在去看看Tomcat的控制台:
还要注意Queue中的logTopic的Consumer数量为1而不是0,这与开始的截图不同。我们都知道这个Consumer是Logging项目中的LogMessageListener对象,它一直活着,是因为Tomcat一直活着;之前的Consumer数量为0,是因为在main函数执行完后,Queue的监听器(也是写日志的对象)就退出了。
通过把Product和Logging项目分别放在不同的机器上执行,在第三台机器上部署ActiveMQ(当然你可以把ActiveMQ搭建在任意可以访问的地方),再配置一下Product项目的log4j.properties文件和Logging项目的spring.xml文件就能用于生产环境啦。
JMSAppender类的分析
JMSAppender类将LoggingEvent实例序列化成ObjectMessage,并将其发送到JMS Server的一个指定Topic中,因此,使用此种将日志发送到远程的方式只支持Topic方式发送,不支持Queue方式发送。我们再log4j.properties中配置了这一句:
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log4j.appender.jms=org.apache.log4j.net.JMSAppender |
这一句指定了使用的Appender,打开这个Appender,在里面可以看到很多setter,比如:
这些setter不是巧合,而正是对应了我们在log4j.properties中设置的其他几个选项:
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log4j.appender.jms.InitialContextFactoryName=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory log4j.appender.jms.ProviderURL=tcp: //localhost:61616
log4j.appender.jms.TopicBindingName=logTopic log4j.appender.jms.TopicConnectionFactoryBindingName=ConnectionFactory |
来看看JMSAppender的activeOptions方法,这个方法是用于使我们在log4j.properties中的配置生效的:
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/** * Options are activated and become effective only after calling this method.
*/
public void activateOptions() {
TopicConnectionFactory topicConnectionFactory;
try {
Context jndi;
LogLog.debug( "Getting initial context." );
if (initialContextFactoryName != null ) {
Properties env = new Properties();
env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, initialContextFactoryName);
if (providerURL != null ) {
env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, providerURL);
} else {
LogLog.warn( "You have set InitialContextFactoryName option but not the "
+ "ProviderURL. This is likely to cause problems." );
}
if (urlPkgPrefixes != null ) {
env.put(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, urlPkgPrefixes);
}
if (securityPrincipalName != null ) {
env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, securityPrincipalName);
if (securityCredentials != null ) {
env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, securityCredentials);
} else {
LogLog.warn( "You have set SecurityPrincipalName option but not the "
+ "SecurityCredentials. This is likely to cause problems." );
}
}
jndi = new InitialContext(env);
} else {
jndi = new InitialContext();
}
LogLog.debug( "Looking up [" + tcfBindingName + "]" );
topicConnectionFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) lookup(jndi, tcfBindingName);
LogLog.debug( "About to create TopicConnection." );
///////////////////////////////注意这里只会创建TopicConnection////////////////////////////
if (userName != null ) {
topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection(userName, password);
} else {
topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection();
}
LogLog.debug( "Creating TopicSession, non-transactional, " + "in AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE mode." );
topicSession = topicConnection.createTopicSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
LogLog.debug( "Looking up topic name [" + topicBindingName + "]." );
Topic topic = (Topic) lookup(jndi, topicBindingName);
LogLog.debug( "Creating TopicPublisher." );
topicPublisher = topicSession.createPublisher(topic);
LogLog.debug( "Starting TopicConnection." );
topicConnection.start();
jndi.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {
errorHandler.error( "Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "]." , e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
} catch (NamingException e) {
errorHandler.error( "Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "]." , e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
errorHandler.error( "Error while activating options for appender named [" + name + "]." , e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
} |
上面初始化了一个TopicConnection,一个TopicSession,一个TopicPublisher。咱们再来看看这个Appender的append方法:
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/** * This method called by {@link AppenderSkeleton#doAppend} method to do most
* of the real appending work.
*/
public void append(LoggingEvent event) {
if (!checkEntryConditions()) {
return ;
}
try {
ObjectMessage msg = topicSession.createObjectMessage();
if (locationInfo) {
event.getLocationInformation();
}
msg.setObject(event);
topicPublisher.publish(msg); ///////////////注意这一句//////////////
} catch (JMSException e) {
errorHandler.error( "Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "]." ,
e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
errorHandler.error( "Could not publish message in JMSAppender [" + name + "]." ,
e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
} |
这里使用TopicPublisher.publish()方法,把序列化的消息发布出去。可见这也证明了JMSAppender只支持以Topic方式发送消息。