我们在网页设计时经常会在前端和后台进行交互，前端回传的方法可以时redirect一个地址加上显式的参数，第二个办法就是使用Ajax结构。那么在传到view函数中进行处理后是需要通过Json格式进行返回给前端，不然前端时不认识返回的数据，此时就需要使用到Json的序列化。
如果是从数据库中取的数据往往时queryset类型，Json无法直接序列化，需要先将其用list转成列表的形式再进行json，此方法可以解决大部分的问题，但是如果数据中包含datetime类型json就会报错。无法对其序列化，显示如下：
看源码，问题出在哪里？
从源码中我们可以看到json只能序列化str类型的数据。那么就没别的办法了吗？
方法一
我们再来看源码：
def dumps(obj, *, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True,
allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None,
default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw):
"""Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``. If ``skipkeys`` is true then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types
(``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped
instead of raising a ``TypeError``. If ``ensure_ascii`` is false, then the return value can contain non-ASCII
characters if they appear in strings contained in ``obj``. Otherwise, all
such characters are escaped in JSON strings. If ``check_circular`` is false, then the circular reference check
for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will
result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse). If ``allow_nan`` is false, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to
serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in
strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the
JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``). If ``indent`` is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and
object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent
level of 0 will only insert newlines. ``None`` is the most compact
representation. If specified, ``separators`` should be an ``(item_separator, key_separator)``
tuple. The default is ``(', ', ': ')`` if *indent* is ``None`` and
``(',', ': ')`` otherwise. To get the most compact JSON representation,
you should specify ``(',', ':')`` to eliminate whitespace. ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version
of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError. If *sort_keys* is true (default: ``False``), then the output of
dictionaries will be sorted by key. To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the
``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with
the ``cls`` kwarg; otherwise ``JSONEncoder`` is used. """
# cached encoder
if (not skipkeys and ensure_ascii and
check_circular and allow_nan and
cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and
default is None and not sort_keys and not kw):
return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
if cls is None:
cls = JSONEncoder
return cls(
skipkeys=skipkeys, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
check_circular=check_circular, allow_nan=allow_nan, indent=indent,
separators=separators, default=default, sort_keys=sort_keys,
**kw).encode(obj) _default_decoder = JSONDecoder(object_hook=None, object_pairs_hook=None)
json.dumps源码
其中提到了：
所以我们可以尝试自定义JsonEncoder：
class CJSONEncoder(self,o):
if isinstance(o,datetime.datetime):
return o.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S")
if isinstance(o,datetime.date):
return o.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
else:reture json.JSONEncoder.default(self,o)
然后在Json序列化时使用 json.dumps(data,cls = CJSONEncoder)
方法2：
如果取数据库的时候没有外键的话还可以使用django内置的方法：import django.core中的serializers，专用于序列化queryset类 data = serializers.serialize('json',data) 直接可将queryset序列化，局限就在与对外键的支持不够好。